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Exploring fish assemblage structure, feeding guild, and water quality in a typical river-reservoir interface of tropical large reservoir environment, Central India

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Abstract

The present study aims to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics in habitat ecology and fish assemblage and determine the relationship of habitat transition and fish distribution in a large riverine-reservoir cascade system (Sardar Sarovar Reservoir part in Madhya Pradesh). This study was carried out along a 125-km riverine-reservoir interface (RRI) during 2018–2020. The study showed presence of a total of 110 fish species (104 spp. in upstream main Narmada River stretch excluding reservoirs, 56 in RRI, and 39 in Sardar Sarovar reservoir). We recorded 50 species common in upstream riverine stretch of Narmada and the RRI while RRI uniquely harbored 3 native species (Chitala chitala, Labeo boga, Salmostoma phulo) not previously reported from Narmada River stretch upstream. The similarity percentage (SIMPER) analysis showed presence of S. phulo causing 27.91%, Schistura dayi (3.71%), and Rita pavimentata (3.41%) of dissimilarity among Maheshwar (S1), Rajghat (S2), Koteshwar (S3) non-confluence zone, and Kakrana (S4)-confluence zone. The analysis of data indicated disappearance of some species like deccan peninsular carp Labeo fimbriatus, Mahseer Tor khudree which was earlier reported but was absent in recent years. The statistical correlation of environmental variables with observed abundances of fish feeding guilds showed significant positive correlation with specific conductivity and total dissolved solid content of the water. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated association among omnivorous fishes of the reservoir with water temperature; total dissolved solids; specific conductivity; total alkalinity; chlorophyll; and NO3-N. The herbivore fishes were found to be more associated with magnesium, dissolved oxygen, and phosphorus content of the water while insectivorous fishes were more associated with the silicate and transparency of the water. The abundance of omnivores species indicated dominance of generalist fish species rather than specialists in the interface region of reservoir showing conservation and ecological importance of the ecosystem. The baseline information generated on fish assemblage and ecological perspectives of the river reservoir interface and science-based management recommendations formulated in the study are critical for sustaining fish diversity, promoting fisheries enhancement, and management planning of tropical large reservoirs.

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Data availability

The data is available with the Principal Investigator of the project and the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Director ICAR-CIFRI for providing the necessary facilities. We would like to thank Mr. Lohit Kumar and Mr. Y. Ali for their assistance.

Funding

The authors also thank MP Fish Federation, Bhopal, for funding and other logistic support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700 120, India

    Satish Kumar Koushlesh, Canciyal Johnson, Uttam Kumar Sarkar, Archan Kanti Das, Basanta Kumar Das, Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia, Mishal Puthiyottil & Bablu Kumar Naskar

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  1. Satish Kumar Koushlesh
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  2. Canciyal Johnson
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  3. Uttam Kumar Sarkar
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Contributions

Satish Kumar Koushlesh: Explorations, field data collection, data analysis, draft manuscript preparation

Canciyal Johnson: Field data collection, manuscript preparation, data analysis

Uttam Kumar Sarkar: Conceptualization, implementation of work, guidance in manuscript preparation, manuscript corrections

Archan Kanti Das: Field data collection on water quality

Basanta Kumar Das: Overall guidance and support

Mishal P: Technical input, manuscript corrections

Lianthuamluaia: Data visualization and manuscript correction

Bablu Kumar Naskar: Field data collection

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uttam Kumar Sarkar.

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Koushlesh, S.K., Johnson, C., Sarkar, U.K. et al. Exploring fish assemblage structure, feeding guild, and water quality in a typical river-reservoir interface of tropical large reservoir environment, Central India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 2179–2204 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22267-7

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