Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives and organizational green culture (OGC) play a significant role in developing organizations and society. However, the extent to which these activities encourage organizational employees to act socially responsible outside their workplace is yet to be explored. This study uses the Operant conditioning theory to examine the effect of OGC and CSR activities on employees’ responsible behaviour towards the society (ERBS) outside their organizations. To collect data, we focused on employees of public and private manufacturing and services firms and analysed it using the structural equation modelling (SEM) technique). It is found that OGC and CSR activities significantly reshape employees’ behaviour, and they tend to behave in a socially responsible manner in society. Moreover, the relationship between OGC and ERBS’ is partially mediated by CSR. It is also found that female workers tend to behave more socially responsibly than male workers. This study suggests that firms should adopt a green culture and CSR practices since it promotes socially responsible behaviour (a better citizen) among their employee, which is essential for a sustainable society.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available on request.
References
Abbas J (2020a) Impact of total quality management on corporate green performance through the mediating role of corporate social responsibility. J Clean Prod 242:118458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118458
Abbas J (2020b) Impact of total quality management on corporate sustainability through the mediating effect of knowledge management. J Clean Prod 244:118806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118806
Abbas J, Kumari K (2021) Examining the relationship between total quality management and knowledge management and their impact on organizational performance. J Econ Adm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-03-2021-0046
Abbas J, Kumari K, Al-Rahmi WM (2021) Quality management system in higher education institutions and its impact on students’ employability with the mediating effect of industry–academia collaboration. J Econ Adm Sci. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-07-2021-0135
Ahmed Z, Khan H (2019) Impact of perceived corporate social responsibility on organizational citizenship behavior: mediating role of organizational identification. Pak J Commer Soc Sci 13:892–914
Ahmed M, Zehou S, Raza SA et al (2020) Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: the mediating effect of employee well-being. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag 7:1–15
Ahsan MU, Nasir M, Abbas J (2020) Examining the causes of plastic bags usages and public perception about its effects on the natural environment. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci 10:80–96. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i10/7919
Al-Ghazali BM, Afsar B (2021) Retracted: Green human resource management and employees’ green creativity: the roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag 28:536–536
AlSuwaidi M, Eid R, Agag G (2021) Understanding the link between CSR and employee green behaviour. J Hosp Tour Manag 46:50–61
Al-Swidi AK, Gelaidan HM, Saleh RM (2021) The joint impact of green human resource management, leadership and organizational culture on employees’ green behavior and organizational environmental performance. J Clean Prod 316:128112
Asli J, Abror SE, Patrisia D (2020) Self-Efficacy, Employee Engagement and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb). In: The Fifth Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA-5 2020). Atlantis Press, pp 965–971
Awang Z (2012) A handbook on structural equation modeling using AMOS. Universiti Technologi MARA Press, Malaysia
Azhar A, Yang K (2021) Examining the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Green Culture on Pro-Environmental Behaviors: Empirical Evidence From Florida City Governments. Rev Public Pers Adm 0734371X211027347. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X211027347
Bagozzi RR, Yi Y (1988) On the evaluation of structural equation models. J Acad Mark Sci 16:074–094
Bardos KS, Ertugrul M, Gao LS (2020) Corporate social responsibility, product market perception, and firm value. J Corp Finance 101588
Belal AR (2016) Corporate social responsibility reporting in developing countries: The case of Bangladesh. Routledge
Bentler PM, Bonett DG (1980) Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychol Bull 88:588–606
Bhutto TA, Farooq R, Talwar S et al (2021) Green inclusive leadership and green creativity in the tourism and hospitality sector: serial mediation of green psychological climate and work engagement. J Sustain Tour 29:1716–1737
Browne MW, Cudeck R (1992) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol Methods Res 21:230–258
Byrne BM (1989) A Primer of LISREL: basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. Springer-Verlag, New York
Chen Y-S, Lin S-H, Lin C-Y et al (2020) Improving green product development performance from green vision and organizational culture perspectives. Corp Soc Responsib Environ Manag 27:222–231
Chen S, Jiang W, Li X, Gao H (2021) Effect of employees’ perceived green HRM on their workplace green behaviors in oil and mining industries: based on cognitive-affective system theory. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18
Chian M (2021) Consequences of corporate social responsibility initiatives for stakeholders
Clark J, Crandall P, Reynolds J (2019) Exploring the influence of food safety climate indicators on handwashing practices of restaurant food handlers. Int J Hosp Manag 77:187–194
DeRoeck K, Farooq O (2017) Corporate social responsibility and ethical leadership: Investigating their interactive effect on employees’ socially responsible behaviors. J Bus Ethics 151:923–939
Edwards S (2016) Chapter 4 - Reinforcement principles for addiction medicine; from recreational drug use to psychiatric disorder. In: Ekhtiari H, Paulus M (eds) Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier, pp 63–76
Farid T, Iqbal S, Ma J et al (2019) Employees’ perceptions of CSR, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating effects of organizational justice. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1–16
Fornell C, Larcker DF (1981) Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement Error. J Mark Res 18:39–50
Frynas JG, Yamahaki C (2019) Corporate social responsibility: an outline of key concepts, trends, and theories. In: Practising CSR in the Middle East. Springer International Publishing, pp 11–37
Fu Q, Abdul Rahman AA, Jiang H et al (2022) Sustainable supply chain and business performance: the impact of strategy, network design, information systems, and organizational structure. Sustainability 14:1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031080
Habib M, Abbas J, Noman R (2019) Are human capital, intellectual property rights, and research and development expenditures really important for total factor productivity? An empirical analysis. Int J Soc Econ 46:756–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2018-0472
Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC (2010) Multivariate data analysis, 7th edn. Pearson, Upper Saddle River
Herrera J, Heras-Rosas C (2020) Corporate social responsibility and human resource management: towards sustainable business organizations. Sustainability 12:1–24
Hinkin TR (1998) A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organ Res Methods 1:104–121
Hu L, Bentler PM (1998) Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to under-parameterized model misspecification. Psychol Methods 3:424–453
Hwang J, Abbas J, Joo K et al (2022) The effects of types of service providers on experience economy, brand attitude, and brand loyalty in the restaurant industry. Int J Env Res Public Health 19:15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063430
Imran M, Abbas J (2020) The role of strategic orientation in export performance of China automobile industry. In: Handbook of Research on Managerial Practices and Disruptive Innovation in Asia. IGI Global, pp 249–263
Kaiser HF, Rice J (1974) Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educ Psychol Meas 34:111–117
Kalyar MN, Ali F, Shafique I (2021) Green mindfulness and green creativity nexus in hospitality industry: examining the effects of green process engagement and CSR. Int J Contemp Hosp Manag 33:2653–2675. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2020-1079
Kaynak H (2003) The relationship between total quality management practices and their effects on firm performance. J Oper Manag 21(4):405–435
Kazmi SJA, Abbas J (2021) Examining the impact of industry 4.0 on Labor Market in Pakistan. In: Handbook of smart materials, technologies, and devices. Springer, Switzerland, pp 1–11
Kim HL, Woo E, Uysal M, Kwon N (2018) The effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee well-being in the hospitality industry. Int J Contemp Hosp Manag 30:1584–1600
Kumari K, Abbas J, Rashid S, Haq MAU (2021a) Role of corporate social responsibility in corporate reputation via organizational trust and commitment. Rev Manag Sci 3:42–63
Kumari K, Ali SB, Khan NNK, Abbas J (2021b) Examining the role of motivation and reward in employees’ job performance through mediating effect of job satisfaction: an empirical evidence. Int J Organ Leadersh 10:401–420
Lai CS, Chiu CJ, Yang CF, Pai DC (2010) The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. J Bus Ethics 95:457–469
Lee Y (2020) Toward a communality with employees: the role of CSR types and internal reputation. Corp Reput Rev 23:13–23
Lewin LD, Warren DE, AlSuwaidi M (2020) Does CSR make better citizens? The influence of employee CSR programs on employee societal citizenship behavior outside of work. Bus Soc Rev 271–288
Liu X, Lin K-L (2020) Green organizational culture, corporate social responsibility implementation, and food safety. Front Psychol 11
Luu TT (2021) Green creative behavior in the tourism industry: the role of green entrepreneurial orientation and a dual-mediation mechanism. J Sustain Tour 29:1290–1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1834565
Malik SY, Hayat Mughal Y, Azam T et al (2021) Corporate social responsibility, green human resources management, and sustainable performance: is organizational citizenship behavior towards environment the missing link? Sustainability 13:1044. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031044
McDonald RP, Marsh HW (1990) Choosing a multivariate model: Noncentrality and goodness of fit. Pschological Bull 107:247–255
Mendis MVS, Welmilla DrI (2021) Green consciousness of employees. Hum Resour Manag Challenging Environ 88–106
Mitchel M (2020) Top corporate social responsibility trends in 2020. In: SmartRecruiters Blog. https://www.smartrecruiters.com/blog/top-corporate-social-responsibility-trends-in-2020/
Molina LM, Llorens-Montes J, Ruiz-Moreno A (2007) Relationship between quality management practices and knowledge transfer. J Oper Manag 25:682–701
Ong M, Mayer DM, Tost LP, Wellman N (2018) When corporate social responsibility motivates employee citizenship behavior: the sensitizing role of task significance. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 144:44–59
Overskeid G (2018) Do we need the environment to explain operant behavior? Front Psychol 9:1–6
Parletta N (2019) Going green - what is good for the planet is good for business. Forbes
Peterson RA (1994) Meta-analysis of Alpha Cronbach ’ s Coefficient. J Consum Res 21:381–391
Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Podsakoff NP (2012) Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annu Rev Psychol 63:539–569
Prajogo DI, Cooper BK (2010) The effect of people-related TQM practices on job satisfaction: a hierarchical model. Prod Plan Control Manag Oper 21:26–35
Qu X, Khan A, Yahya S, et al (2021) Green core competencies to prompt green absorptive capacity and bolster green innovation: the moderating role of organization’s green culture. J Environ Plan Manag 1–46
Rathi N, Lee K (2021) Does it pay to be authentic? implications of authenticity for life satisfaction and psychological well-being in a collectivist culture. J Happiness Stud 22:147–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00223-x
Safdar B, Habib A, Amjad A, Abbas J (2020) Treating students as customers in higher education institutions and its impact on their academic performance. Int J Acad Res Progress Educ Dev 9:176–191
Satyendra (2020) Organizational culture and employee behaviour. In: Ispat. https://www.ispatguru.com/organizational-culture-and-employee-behaviour/. Accessed 1 Feb 2022
Schwarz G, Newman A, Cooper B, Eva N (2016) Servant leadership and follower job performance: the mediating effect of public service motivation. Public Adm 94:1025–1041
Sekaran U (2003) Research methods for business: a skill-building approach, 4th edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York
Shahzad M, Ying Q, Ur Rehman S et al (2020) Impact of knowledge absorptive capacity on corporate sustainability with mediating role of CSR: analysis from the asian context. J Environ Plan Manag 63:148–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1575799
Shakoor F, Fakhar A, Abbas J (2021) Impact of smartphones usage on the learning behaviour and academic performance of students: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci 11:862–881
Skinner BF (1948) Walden Two. Hackett, Indianapolis
Tang AKY, Lai K, Cheng TCE (2016) A multi-research-method approach to studying environmental sustainability in retail operations. Int J Prod Econ 171:394–404
UNGC (2018) UNGC, 2018. United Nations Global Compact. United Nations, New York. https://www.google.com/search?q=UNGC%2C+2018. Accessed 21 Aug 2021
Vikram C (2019) Operant conditioning and the practice of defensive medicine. World Neurosurg 91:603–605
Wang C-H (2019) How organizational green culture influences green performance and competitive advantage: The mediating role of green innovation. J Manuf Technol Manag 30:666–683
Zhu Q, Liu J, Lai K (2016) Corporate social responsibility practices and performance improvement among Chinese national state-owned enterprises. Int J Prod Econ 171:417–426
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Eyup Dogan was involved in writing, reviewing, and editing, and supervising; Jawad Abbas was responsible for methodology, writing, and data.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Authors state that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships, which seem to affect the work reported in this article. We declare that we have no human participants, human data, or human issues.
Consent for publication
Authors do not have any individual person’s data in any form.
Competing interest statement
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abbas, J., Dogan, E. The impacts of organizational green culture and corporate social responsibility on employees’ responsible behaviour towards the society. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 60024–60034 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20072-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20072-w