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Main and added effects of heatwaves on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders in a tropical megacity of Vietnam

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Abstract

Vietnam is highly vulnerable to climate change-related extreme weather events such as heatwaves. This study assesses the association between heatwaves and hospitalizations due to mental and behavioral disorders (MBDs) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). We collected daily MBD hospital admissions data at the HCMC Mental Health Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Heatwaves effects were characterized into the main effect (i.e., the intensity of temperature during heatwaves) and the added effect (i.e., the duration of heatwaves). Time series Poisson regression coupled with a distributed lag linear model (DLM) was used to quantify the 14-day lags effect of heatwaves. Confounders including long-term trend, seasonality, days of the week, holidays, and relative humidity were included in the model. Heatwaves increased all-cause MBD hospitalization by 62% (95%Cl, 36–93%) for the main effect and by 8% (95% Cl, − 3% to 19%) for the added effect. Noticeably, the group aged 18–60 years old was affected by the main effect of the heatwave, while the group aged 61 years and older was affected by the added effect of the heatwave. The effects of heatwaves differed among groups of MBD hospitalizations. The mental and behavioral disorder group due to psychoactive substance use was significantly affected by the main effect of heatwaves (RR:2.21; 95%Cl:1.55–3.15). The group of schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders were highly vulnerable towards both the main and the added effect of heatwaves with RR = 1.50 (95%CI, 1.20–1.86) and RR = 1.14 (95%CI, 1.01–1.30), respectively.

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Data Availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the HCMC mental hospital for providing us with the MBDs data. We appreciate the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climate Data Center (NOAA NCDC) for providing weather data for free

Funding

This study was supported by the seed grant from the University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, number 179/2020/HĐ-ĐHYD.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Tran Ngoc Dang, and Nguyen Thi Tuong Vy contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

    Tran Ngoc Dang, Nguyen Thi Tuong Vy, Do Thi Hoai Thuong & Do Van Dung

  2. Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia

    Dung Phung

  3. Family Medicine Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

    Pham Le An

Authors
  1. Tran Ngoc Dang
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  2. Nguyen Thi Tuong Vy
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  3. Do Thi Hoai Thuong
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  4. Dung Phung
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  5. Do Van Dung
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  6. Pham Le An
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Contributions

TND, PLA came up with ideas and a framework for the study. NTTV, DTHT, DVD collected the hospital and weather data. TND, DP, NTTV, DTHT analyzed and interpreted the data. TND, PLA, NTTV was major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Tran Ngoc Dang or Pham Le An.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study’s ethics was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No.247/ĐHYD-HDĐĐ.

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Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that t no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Highlights

• The association between heatwaves (i.e., the main and added effects) and mental and behavioral disorders was examined.

• Mental and behavioral disorders had an upward trend during heatwaves.

• The main effects of heatwaves affected young people. In contrast, added effects affected older people. This different pattern helps execute appropriate thermal and adaptive warning programs when temperatures are not too high but prolonged, particularly with the elderly.

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Dang, T.N., Vy, N.T.T., Thuong, D.T.H. et al. Main and added effects of heatwaves on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders in a tropical megacity of Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 59094–59103 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19898-1

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