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How to stay together? Habitat use by three sympatric sharks in the western coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico

  • Ecosystems for Future Generations
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Abstract

Sharks are top predators and play an important role in the regulation of marine ecosystems at lower trophic position. Mustelus californicus, Sphyrna zygaena, and Isurus oxyrinchus prove to be important fishery resources along the western coast of Baja California Sur and cohabit the same coastal areas, probably sharing resources. However, our knowledge about ecological dynamics of multiple species coexisting and sharing similar habitat resources is still limited, particularly for predators such as sharks. Therefore, this study focuses on the analysis of trophic ecology of the sharks species, using carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) stable isotope values in muscle tissues coupled with trace element concentration (Hg, Se, and Cd) in muscle and hepatic tissues of sharks. The values of δ13C (M. californicus −17.3 ± 1.1‰, S. zygaena −17.9 ± 0.5‰, and I. oxyrinchus −18.3 ± 0.3‰) and δ15N (M. californicus 18.2 ± 1.1‰, S. zygaena 18.4 ± 0.9‰, and I. oxyrinchus 17.8 ± 1.1‰) indicated that these species feed in the Gulf of Ulloa all throughout the year, and for extended periods with similar habitat use and trophic niche. The above-mentioned statement is also a conclusion supported by the significant correlation between isotopic and trace element concentrations in the muscular tissues in all studied species. Thus, the results of the present study emphasize the habitat and niche characteristics of three sympatric sharks off the coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico.

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Isotopic and trace element data generated and analyzed are already shown and presented in this manuscript. Graphical material is proportioned in the journal submission platform.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Mexican fishery communities of Las Barrancas area for collaborating with us to support the sampling process.

Funding

The Instituto Politecnico Nacional (COFFA, EDI), CONACYT project 25370, Instituto Politecnico Nacional grants 20181417 and 20196736 and SIP20211002 and SIP2152 provided the fellowships to support this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad de Granada (UGR), Avenida del Hospicio, s/n C.P. 18010, Granada, Spain

    Laura María Pantoja-Echevarría

  2. Fundación Alium Pacific, Carrera 26 No. 5C–13, Cali, Colombia

    Elena Tamburin & Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken

  3. Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico

    Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez, Felipe Galván-Magaña, Arturo Tripp-Valdez & Ariagna Lara

  4. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

    M. P. Jonathan & Laura Arreola-Mendoza

  5. Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (ESIA), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Unidad Ticoman, Calz. Ticomán 600, Delg. Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico

    S. B. Sujitha

  6. Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica de Isótopos Estables, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra IACT (CSIC-UGR), Avda. de las Palmeras, 4, 18100, Armilla, Granada, Spain

    Antonio Delgado-Huertas

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  1. Laura María Pantoja-Echevarría
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  2. Elena Tamburin
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Contributions

LMPE and ET conceived the manuscript and data curation, analyzed and interpreted the data, and writing and editing of the manuscript. FREV, AJMR, FGM, ATV, AL, MPJ, SBS, ADH, and LAM contribute to the manuscript and edited all the draft versions of the manuscript. FREV is the corresponding author responsible of the communication with the journal. All authors read and approved the final manuscript

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernando R. Elorriaga-Verplancken.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All sampling process and experimental procedures in this study were performed complying with Mexican legislation.

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All authors authorized the publication in this journal and their participation in this manuscript. Anyway, this manuscript does not use any individual person’s data in any form.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: V.V.S.S. Sarma

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Pantoja-Echevarría, L.M., Tamburin, E., Elorriaga-Verplancken, F.R. et al. How to stay together? Habitat use by three sympatric sharks in the western coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 61685–61697 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19530-2

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