Abstract
With the rapid economic development, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are continuously migrating, transforming, and enriching in farmland through atmospheric deposition and other media, posing threats to food security and human health. At present, there are few quantitative studies on the health risks of PTEs sources in farmland. In this study, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) receptor model was used to quantify the pollution sources of PTEs in farmland in Suzhou of Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, China. Combined with geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and health risk assessment model, the source risk of PTEs was further quantified. The results show that Cd has reached the level of unpolluted to moderate polluted (0 < Igeo < 1); the total hazard index (THI) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index of PTEs are acceptable for adults, but not for children (THI > 1, TCR > 1 × 10−4). The results of APCS-MLR source apportionment were industrial sources (25.65%), agricultural sources (20.00%), traffic sources (16.81%), and domestic pollution sources (9.71%). The Igeo values of all pollution sources were less than 0, and no ecological risk was caused. The contribution patterns of pollution sources to THI and TCR in adults and children are similar. Industrial pollution sources pose the greatest non-carcinogenic risk to humans, accounting for 47.35% and 47.26% of adults and children, respectively; for carcinogenic risks, domestic pollution sources contribute the most among all identified pollution sources, accounting for 27.71% and 27.73% of adults and children, respectively. In general, this study emphasizes the need to strengthen the supervision of industrial pollution sources and domestic pollution sources in the study area to reduce the health risks to children.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Funding
This work was funded by the Funds for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province (Grant No.: CX(20)3084), Jiangsu Social Development Project (Grant No.: BE2020781), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42101079) and General Projects of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.: 20KJB170014).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The methodology was provided by Yan Li, Genmei Wang and Huanchao Zhang. Material preparation and sample collection were performed by Ning Li, Xiangling Zhang, Jiale Wen and Xinyu Cheng. Data collection was performed by Xiangling Zhang and Ning Li. Data analysis was performed by Ning Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ning Li and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Li, N., Li, Y., Wang, G. et al. The sources risk assessment combined with APCS/MLR model for potentially toxic elements in farmland of a first-tier city, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 50717–50726 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19325-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19325-5