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Biochemical, molecular and cytological impacts of alpha-lipoic acid and Ginkgo biloba in ameliorating testicular dysfunctions induced by silver nanoparticles in rats

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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly utilized in medicine. However, they have negative effects on the majority of organs, including the reproductive system. AgNPs were reported to be able to reach the testicular tissues due to their nano size, which allows them to pass through blood-testicular barriers. The goal of this study was to see if alpha-lipoic acid (LA) or Ginkgo biloba (GB) might protect adult rat testes after intraperitoneal injection of AgNPs. Forty male healthy adult Wister albino rats were randomly assigned to four groups: control, AgNPs-intoxicated group intraperitoneally injected AgNPs 50 mg/kg b.w, 3 times a week; LA + AgNPs group intoxicated with AgNPs and orally gavaged with 100 mg LA/kg b.w; and GB + AgNPs group injected with AgNPs and orally given GB extract 120 mg/kg b.w for 30 consecutive days. Biochemical changes (testosterone, ACP, and prostatic acid phosphatase), oxidative indices, mRNA expression of proapoptotic (BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) biomarkers, histological, and immunohistochemical changes in testicular tissues were investigated. Significant decrease in serum testosterone level and elevation in ACP and PACP enzyme activity in AgNPs-treated rats. As well, there were lowering in tGSH, GSH GR, GPx, and elevation in MDA and GSSG values. AgNPs-exposed rats expressed downregulation of testicular thirodexin-1 (Txn-1), transforming growth factor-1β (TGF-1β), anti-apoptotic (BCL-2), and upregulaion of proapoptotic biomarkers (BAX) mRNA expressions. Strong positive action to BAX and lowering the action of Ki-67 antibody were observed. Because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, cotreatment with LA or GB could be beneficial in reducing the harmful effects of AgNPs on the testicles.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Hossam G. Tohamy

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Lebda & Mohamed S. Elfeky

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt

    Kadry M. Sadek

  4. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt

    Yasser S. El-Sayed & Dalia H. Samak

  5. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11757, Egypt

    Heba S. Hamed

  6. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt

    Tarek K. Abouzed

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  1. Hossam G. Tohamy
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Contributions

HGT performed the histopathology and immunohistochemical examination and analysis, and shared in manuscript drafting. MAL, KMS, MSE, DHS, TKA, and HSA shared in biochemical and molecular analysis, and manuscript drafting. YSE and DHS shared in data analysis, manuscript writing and revision. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kadry M. Sadek.

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Communicated by Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim.

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Tohamy, H.G., Lebda, M.A., Sadek, K.M. et al. Biochemical, molecular and cytological impacts of alpha-lipoic acid and Ginkgo biloba in ameliorating testicular dysfunctions induced by silver nanoparticles in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 38198–38211 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18441-y

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