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Investigating the performance of dish solar distiller with phase change material mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles under different water depths

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Abstract

The problem of potable water shortage all over the world made the scientists seek for solutions to overcome this problem. Solar distiller is one of the introduced solutions, but it demerited by the low freshwater output. In this proposed paper, a design modification includes the use of a convex dish absorber instead of the flat absorber liner. The modified solar distiller is nominated by dish solar distiller. The base of dish solar distiller was circular. In addition, a cotton wick was used as a wetting material for facilitating the evaporation process inside the distiller. Besides, the effect of different water heights in the clearance around the dish dome was investigated for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 cm. Finally, the space under the dish absorber is filled with a phase change material of paraffin wax mixed with aluminum oxide nanoparticles. Experimental results revealed that the best dish height that provided the highest freshwater productivity was 9 cm, where the average daily yields of dish solar distiller (at 9 cm) and conventional distillers were reported as 4500 and 3000 mL/m2.day, respectively. Then, the productivity of dish solar distiller was improved by around 50% over that of the conventional distiller. In addition, when using the phase change material, the average daily distillate of dish solar distiller was improved by approximately 95% compared to that of the conventional solar still, where the distillate of conventional still and dish solar distiller with phase change material at 9 cm water depth was 3580 and 6980 mL/m2.day, respectively. Besides, the maximum thermal efficiency of dish solar distiller was obtained when using phase change material at 9 cm water depth, where it was 62.4% compared to 30% for the conventional distiller.

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Abbreviations

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

DSD:

Dish solar distiller

PCM:

Phase change materials

PV:

Photovoltaic panels

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

hfg :

Vaporization latent heat ,kJ/kg

ṁ:

Hourly yield, kg/m2.h

ηd :

Daily thermal efficiency, %

A:

System area, m2

I:

Solar radiation, W/m2

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Funding

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number 1–442-55.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Bahaa Saleh, Ayman Aly & Mishal Alsehli

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt

    Fadl Abdelmonem Essa

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Patan, Gujarat, India

    Hitesh Panchal

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, P. A. College of Engineering, Mangaluru, 574153, India

    Asif Afzal

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Glocal University, Delhi-Yamunotri Marg, SH-57, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, 247121, India

    Asif Afzal

  6. Research Centre for Solar Energy, Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India

    Sengottiyan Shanmugan

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  1. Bahaa Saleh
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Bahaa Saleh

Fadl Abdelmonem Essa

Conceptualization, Methodology, and Editing

Ayman Aly

Mishal Alsehli

Hitesh Panchal

Formal analysis, review, and explanation

Asif Afzal

Sengottiyan Shanmugan

Writing—original draft preparation and editing

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Correspondence to Fadl Abdelmonem Essa.

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Saleh, B., Essa, F.A., Aly, A. et al. Investigating the performance of dish solar distiller with phase change material mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles under different water depths. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 28115–28126 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18295-4

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