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Wild mushrooms from Ilgaz Mountain National Park (Western Black Sea, Turkey): element concentrations and their health risk assessment

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine Fe, Cd, Cr, Se, P, Cu, Mn, Zn, Al, Ca, Mg, and K contents of some edible (Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Clavariadelphus truncatus, Clitocybe nebularis, Hydnum repandum, Hygrophorus pudorinus, Infundibulicybe gibba, Lactarius deliciosus, L. piperatus, L. salmonicolor, Macrolepiota mastoidea, Russula grata, Suillus granulatus, and Tricholoma imbricatum), inedible (Amanita pantherina, Geastrum triplex, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Hypholoma fasciculare, Phellinus vorax, Pholiota limonella, Russula anthracina, and Tapinella atrotomentosa), and poisonous mushroom species (Amanita pantherina and Hypholoma fasciculare) collected from Ilgaz Mountain National Park (Western Black Sea, Turkey). The element contents of the mushrooms were determined to be 18.0–1239.1, 0.2–4.6, 0.1–3.4, 0.2–3.2, 1.0–8.9, 3.3–59.9, 3.7–220.4, 21.3–154.1, 6.4–754.3, 15.8–17,473.0, 413.0–5943.0, and 2803.0–24,490.0 mg·kg-1, respectively. In addition to metal contents, the daily intakes of metal (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI) values of edible mushrooms were also calculated. Both DIM and HRI values of mushroom species except L. salmanicolor, M. mastoidea, and R. grata were within the legal limits. However, it was determined that the Fe content of L. salmanicolor and M. mastoidea and Cd content of R. grata were above the legal limits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Problems Research and Application Center, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, TR-48000, Mugla, Turkey

    Feyyaz Keskin & Ahmet Demirak

  2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, TR-03100, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

    Cengiz Sarikurkcu

  3. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, TR-06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Ilgaz Akata

  4. Department of Pharmacy Services, Kilis 7 Aralik University, Vocational High School of Health Services, TR-79000, Kilis, Turkey

    Arzuhan Sihoglu Tepe

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  1. Feyyaz Keskin
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  2. Cengiz Sarikurkcu
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Contributions

CS and AD carried out the conceptualization and research, formal analysis, and writing of the original draft. FK, AD, and IA conducted literature research, conceptualization, visualization, and data analysis. AST and CS contributed to the conceptualization, writing-reviewing, and editing processes.

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Correspondence to Cengiz Sarikurkcu.

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Supplementary file1 Additional file 1 Collection and identification of mushroom samples, procedure of digestion and elemental analysis of mushrooms, determination of daily intakes of metal (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI) values, and statistical analyses. Table S1 The analytical results and recoveries for the analytes found in Tomato Leaves (NIST SRM 1573a)(DOCX 22 KB)

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Keskin, F., Sarikurkcu, C., Demirak, A. et al. Wild mushrooms from Ilgaz Mountain National Park (Western Black Sea, Turkey): element concentrations and their health risk assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 31923–31942 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18011-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18011-2

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