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Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of nZVI-Pd/AC toward reductive degradation of methylene blue

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Abstract

A novel composite (nZVI/Pd-AC) was prepared by loading nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Pd on activated carbon (AC) electrode under electrodeposition with ultrasound, which was used to reductive degradation of methylene blue (MB). The loading contents of Fe and Pd in composite materials were 15.84% and 2.06%, respectively. XPS results further confirmed that the as-prepared material contained Fe0 and Pd0. Without external conditions, MB could be degraded in the presence of nZVI/Pd-AC and reached equilibrium within 180 min. To investigate the reusability, the re-electrodeposition strategy was effective to refresh the active sites of nZVI/Pd-AC, and the removal efficiency only reduced by 4.51% in five circles indicating the good reusability of nZVI/Pd-AC composites. GC–MS was used to identify possible degradation pathways of MB; the results showed that the degradation products were mainly N, N-dimethylaniline and 2-amino-5-dimethylamino-benzenesulfonic acid. And the S–C, C–N bonds are the sites easier to be attacked.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

The author acknowledges the Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment for providing all the support during the study period. The author also acknowledges Hongxia Liu for his valuable suggestions and helpful advice on various technical issues examined in this study.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China

    Yingtao Long, Jianjun Liang & Yinghao Xue

  2. Chongqing Municipal Institute of Municipal Design and Research Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400020, China

    Yingtao Long

Authors
  1. Yingtao Long
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  2. Jianjun Liang
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  3. Yinghao Xue
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Contributions

Yingtao Long: designed and performed the experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. Jianjun Liang: supervised the research and edited the paper. Yinghao Xue: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Jianjun Liang.

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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research and ethical standards.

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The authors disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations within 3 years of the beginning of the submitted work that could inappropriately influence, or perceived to influence, this work.

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Highlights

• nZVI-Pd/AC is prepared by electrodeposition.

• The degradation of methylene blue dye by nZVI-Pd/AC is satisfactory.

• Remarkable performance and reusability were shown in the degradation of dyes under the influence of various factors.

• Fe0 reduction with enhancement of Pd catalysis plays key roles in the adsorption process.

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Long, Y., Liang, J. & Xue, Y. Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of nZVI-Pd/AC toward reductive degradation of methylene blue. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 67098–67107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15316-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15316-0

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