Abstract
The presence of toxic chlorinated compounds in drinking water, generated during the disinfection step in water treatment plants, is of great concern for public health. In the present study, the performance of the UVC/H2O2 process, preceded by zero-valent-copper reduction, was evaluated for degrading 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP). With this aim, the oxidation performed alone or in combination with the pre-reductive step was evaluated regarding TCP concentration over time, removal rate, mineralization, and toxicity to Vibrio fischeri, as well as oxidant dosage and the effect of water matrix. The UV/H2O2 process achieved fast (kobs = 1.4 min-1) and complete TCP degradation, as well as important mineralization (40.4%), with best results obtained for initial H2O2 concentration of 0.056 mmol L–1. Coupling of reductive and oxidative processes intensified contaminant mineralization, due to the synergistic effect of copper ions leached in the reductive process, particularly Cu(I), providing an additional route of H2O2 activation for generating HO• radicals (photo-Fenton-like process). High toxicity removals and increased mineralization could be successfully accomplished by the combined processes even in tap water, which is a clear advantage for practical application.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) - Brazil and São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).
Funding
This study was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) - Brazil (Finance Codes 88881.068433/2014-01 and 3300201) and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, grant no. 2013/50218-2).
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Conceptualization: C.A.L.G and A.C.S.C.T.; methodology: C.A.L.G and A.C.S.C.T.; investigation: L.P.S.; writing—original draft preparation: L.P.S. and C.A.L.G; writing—review and editing: C.A.L.G, A.C.S.C.T., and O.C-F.; supervision: C.A.L.G, A.C.S.C.T., and O. C-F; project administration: A.C.S.C.T. and O. C-F.; funding acquisition: A.C.S.C.T. and O.C-F.
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de Souza, L.P., Graça, C.A.L., Teixeira, A.C.S.C. et al. Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous systems through the association of zero-valent-copper-mediated reduction and UVC/H2O2: effect of water matrix and toxicity assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 24057–24066 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11885-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11885-8