Abstract
The present study assesses the treatability of a real industrial wastewater (WW) with a high organic load (chemical oxygen demand (COD) above 5800 mgO2 L−1) by photo-Fenton’s oxidation with the goal of improving the organic matter degradation reached previously, in another work, where the Fenton process was applied in a bubbling reactor. Thus, the process was carried out in a bubble photo reactor (BPR) wherein continuous air supply ensures an efficient mixing of the liquid phase. The effect of the main operatory parameters that influence the WW treatment (i.e., H2O2 and Fe2+ concentrations, initial pH, and UV-Vis radiation intensity) were evaluated, being found that in the best conditions tested (pH0 = 4.6, [Fe2+] = 0.1 g L−1, [H2O2] = 18 g L−1, Qair = 1.0 L min−1—measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure—and irradiance of 500 W m−2), removals of 95% and 97% for total organic carbon (TOC) and COD, respectively, were achieved. Still, a high reduction of the concentration of the main constituents of this WW was reached, being total for aniline and 86% for sulfanilic acid. The continuous air supply reactor configuration was compared with magnetic stirring; similar mineralization was achieved. However, the air bubbling promotes a good heat transfer within the reactor, minimizing temperature gradients, which is quite advantageous due to the strong exothermicity of the oxidation process during the treatment of such highly loaded real effluents.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to WWTP of Parada for providing the aerobic biological sludge, to Doctor Rui Boaventura for supplying the respirometer apparatus for the respirometric tests, and to Doctor Salomé Soares for carrying out the ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate determinations.
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This work was financially supported by Base Funding – UIDB/00511/2020 – of the Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy – LEPABE – funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), and by project PTDC/EAM-AMB/29642/2017 – POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029642, funded by FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 – Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI), and by national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES.. V.N. Lima is grateful to the Brazilian National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for her PhD grant (Process 201859/2015-7). C.S.D. Rodrigues thanks the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for the financial support of her work contract through the Scientific Employment Support Program (Norma Transitória DL 57/2017).
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Authors' individual contributions are as follows: Conceptualization – LMM; Validation – EFSS and VNL; Investigation – EFSS and VNL; Funding acquisition – LMM and CSDR; Resources – LMM; Supervision – CSDR and LMM; Writing original draft – EFSS; Writing – review & editing – LMM, CSDR and VNL.
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Sampaio, E.F.S., Rodrigues, C.S.D., Lima, V.N. et al. Industrial wastewater treatment using a bubble photo-Fenton reactor with continuous gas supply. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 6437–6449 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10741-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10741-z