Abstract
This work aims to obtain activated carbon (AC) from yeast residue to boost up bioeconomy. In this way, carbon was prepared from yeast biomass produced by the ethanol industry and after beta-glucan extraction. Carbon was activated with CO2, water vapor, and a combination of both using an experimental design. The best conditions to produce AC were activation with CO2 for 30 min at 850 °C and CO2 flow of 0.09 L/min, set by experimental design and desirability function to optimize the yield, surface area, and microporosity. Thus, for physical activation with water vapor employing the optimized conditions, it was possible to achieve a yield of 56.6% (m/m) for AC with 1144 m2/g of surface area and mean micropore volume of 0.53 cm3/g. The maximum AC surface area reached 1616 ± 567 m2/g with a yield of 21 ± 1%. The prepared ACs were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis, pHPZC, and potentiometric titration to determine the main functional groups of sorption sites. The carbon obtained from the desirability condition was used to remove dipyrone from synthetic aqueous effluent with an experimental sorption capacity of 88 ± 4 mg/g, being the phenomenon described by the Freundlich isotherm model.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to FAPESP (Grants 2016/06271-4 and 2017/24931-4, and Scholarship 2017/13074-3), CAPES (Finance Code 001), and CNPq (Grant 404843/2018-2 and Scholarship 105197/2018-1) for the financial support and Biorigin Company (Sao Paulo, Brazil) for providing the yeast biomass residue.
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Modesto, H.R., Lemos, S.G., dos Santos, M.S. et al. Activated carbon production from industrial yeast residue to boost up circular bioeconomy. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 24694–24705 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10458-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10458-z