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Frequency of PPAR-γ, FTO and ABCC8 genetic variation in Pakistani cardiovascular smokers

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Abstract

Smoking is considered as one of the major reasons behind genetic variations in cardiometabolic disorders. However, effect of nicotine via smoking on Pakistani population still needs to be elucidated. This study was aimed to investigate genetic variation among PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 genes in cardiometabolic patients along with their biochemical parameters. A total of 472 CVD patients were enrolled in this study and divided into three groups; n = 144 for PPAR-γ (C/G) variation and n = 164 in each group to investigate FTO (T/A) and ABCC8 (G/T) variation, respectively. Polymorphisms within groups were identified by using Tetra and/or Tri ARM-PCR. This study showed positive association among genetic polymorphisms in PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 groups with altered metabolic parameters in CVD patients. Findings showed that smoking is major contributory factor for genetic polymorphism that was strongly associated with elevated blood glucose and serum TGs accompanying PPAR-γ, FTO, and ABCC8 genetic polymorphism in 25%, 24%, and 20% in smokers and 11%, 10%, and 5% in non-smoker CVD patients, respectively. However, highest polymorphism occurred in PPAR-γ both in smokers and non-smoker CVD patients that show that smoking-mediated gene polymorphism might be a contributory factor in provoking CVD risk approximately twice in smokers as compared to that in non-smoker CVD patients.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the research grants (6429/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016 and 8365/Punjab/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2017) received from Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.

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Author notes

  1. Kanwal Rehman, Ayesha Tahir, Sania Niaz and Sara Shabbir contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Kanwal Rehman, Sara Shabbir & Komal Jabeen

  2. Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Kanwal Rehman, Ayesha Tahir, Sania Niaz, Komal Jabeen & Amna Faheem

  3. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash

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  1. Kanwal Rehman
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  2. Ayesha Tahir
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  4. Sara Shabbir
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  5. Komal Jabeen
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  7. Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
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Correspondence to Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash.

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Rehman, K., Tahir, A., Niaz, S. et al. Frequency of PPAR-γ, FTO and ABCC8 genetic variation in Pakistani cardiovascular smokers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 42611–42620 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10226-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10226-z

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