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Migration of cypermethrin to and through the PET containers and artificial neural network–based estimation of its emission

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Abstract

Nowadays, the extensive use of pesticides in crops production puts a significant challenge to minimize its side effects along with safe production, storage, and after-use treatment. This paper reports results related to the emission of certain pesticide formulations through the PET containers, as well as, their mitigation to the PET containers during their storage. The influence of storage time on cypermethrin migration to and through the PET was studied in short-term Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council test lasting up to 30 days. The PET containers were filled with pure xylene and pesticide formulations, where the amount of active substance, cypermethrin (CY), varied from 5 to 20 wt%, while the amount of emulsifier was kept constant. The results indicate that pesticide formulations diffuse to PET containers with an average increase of its initial mass up to 1.5%. The most intensive diffusion is in the first 24 months of storage, after its rate significantly decreases. It should be noted that the diffusion studied pesticide formulations are also very dependent on CY concentration. Besides the migration to the PET containers, it was also found that pesticide formulation was emitted through the PET containers in the first 17 to 24 months of storage depending on CY concentration. Emission rates were also dependent on CY concentration and were in the range of 15.3 to 38.0 mg/month·container. The emission through the PET containers was successfully predicted using artificial neural networks with R2 = 0.94 and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of only 6.2% on testing.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Aleksandra Perić-Grujić (University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Serbia) for her contribution to this work.

Funding

This received funding from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Projects Nos. OI 172062 and OI 172007.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Chemical Technology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11120, Serbia

    Nenad Jevremović, Melina Kalagasidis Krušić & Ivanka Popović

  2. Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, Belgrade, 11120, Serbia

    Davor Antanasijević

Authors
  1. Nenad Jevremović
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  2. Melina Kalagasidis Krušić
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  3. Davor Antanasijević
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  4. Ivanka Popović
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Correspondence to Davor Antanasijević.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Jevremović, N., Krušić, M.K., Antanasijević, D. et al. Migration of cypermethrin to and through the PET containers and artificial neural network–based estimation of its emission. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 28933–28939 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06108-8

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