Abstract
The increase in biodiesel production has been leading to an excess amount of crude glycerol and, consequently, serious environmental issues. For this reason, electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers (CB-EN), composed by chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), were synthesized to apply in the biosorption of impurities from industrial glycerol. To evaluate the biosorption efficiency, the chitosan-based nanofiber was compared to other chitosan-based biosorbents (chitosan biopolymeric film and chitosan powder). The equilibrium and thermodynamic studies were successfully performed to comprehend the interaction mechanisms through the biosorption of glycerol pigments onto electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers. The temperature effect was evaluated by experimental equilibrium curves. Freundlich and BET models were used to estimate isotherm parameters. Gibbs free energy change, enthalpy change, entropy change, and isosteric heat of biosorption were quantified. The equilibrium curves showed that the highest equilibrium relative adsorption (340.7 g−1) was reached at 60 °C. The BET model was the most suitable to represent the equilibrium behavior. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption was spontaneous, exothermic, random, and energetic heterogeneous. Therefore, this work developed a green and efficient alternative to refine industrial glycerol.
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Abbreviations
- 1/n :
-
Heterogeneity factor (dimensionless)
- A :
-
Glycerol pigment absorbance (dimensionless)
- A o, A e :
-
Initial and equilibrium glycerol pigment absorbances (dimensionless)
- f :
-
Dilution factor (dimensionless)
- K D :
-
Thermodynamic equilibrium constant (L−1 g)
- K F :
-
Freundlich constant (g−1/n)
- K S, K L :
-
BET equilibrium constants (dimensionless)
- L' :
-
Integration constant (dimensionless)
- m ad :
-
Adsorbent weight (g)
- m o, m f :
-
Initial and final glycerol pigment weights (g)
- q e :
-
Equilibrium adsorption capacity (g mg−1)
- q m :
-
Monolayer adsorption capacity (g−1)
- q r :
-
Relative adsorption capacity (g−1)
- q re :
-
Equilibrium relative adsorption capacity (g−1)
- R :
-
Gas constant (kJ mol−1 K−1)
- R 2, ARE :
-
Statistical coefficients (%)
- T :
-
Absolute temperature (K)
- V :
-
Solution volume (mL)
- ΔG 0 :
-
Gibbs free energy change (kJ mol−1)
- ΔH 0 :
-
Enthalpy change (kJ mol−1)
- ΔH a :
-
Isosteric heat of biosorption (kJ mol−1)
- ΔS 0 :
-
Entropy change (J mol−1 K−1)
- ρ :
-
Glycerol density (g L−1)
- εc :
-
Constant related to analyte nature and cuvette size (m3 g−1)
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The authors would like to thank CAPES (Brazilian Agency for Improvement of Graduate Personnel) and CNPQ (National Council of Science and Technological Development) for the financial support.
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de Farias, B.S., Gründmann, D.D.R., Strieder, M.M. et al. Biosorption of glycerol impurities from biodiesel production onto electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers: equilibrium and thermodynamic evaluations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 28436–28443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04525-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04525-3