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Evaluation of the oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 3,4,4′-tri-CDE, 2-MeO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE, and 2-HO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE

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Abstract

Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) are a class of potential persistent organic contaminants, which have been widely detected in aquatic environment. In the present study, the effects of 3,4,4′-tri-CDE and its two possible metabolites (2-MeO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE and 2-HO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE) on oxidative stress biomarkers in liver of Carassius auratus were evaluated. The fish were treated with these three compounds at different doses (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L) via semi-static water exposure. The liver samples were individually taken at 3, 7, and 21 days for analysis of oxidative stress indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Compare to the control group, the hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity and GSH contents showed significant decreases (p < 0.05) at high-dose treatment (10 μg/L) and prolonged exposure time (21 days) in most of the toxicant-treated groups, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress in fish liver. However, no consistent trend of the variations of antioxidant parameters was observed at low doses (0.1 and 1 μg/L). Meanwhile, the lipid peroxidation was significantly induced with extending exposure time and increasing dose. In addition, the toxicity order of three compounds was discussed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index. Notably, 2-HO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE was indicated to cause the most severe hepatic oxidative stress.

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Funding

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21607001 and 21607058), the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. 1608085QB45), and the Science Research Project of Anhui Education Department (No. KJ2015A090).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China

    Danru Cheng, Tantan Wang & Xuesheng Zhang

  2. Environmental Monitoring Department of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330077, Jiangxi, China

    Kan Cao

  3. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Mingbao Feng

  4. College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang, China

    Hui Liu

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  1. Danru Cheng
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  2. Kan Cao
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  3. Tantan Wang
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  4. Xuesheng Zhang
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  5. Mingbao Feng
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  6. Hui Liu
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Correspondence to Xuesheng Zhang.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Cheng, D., Cao, K., Wang, T. et al. Evaluation of the oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to 3,4,4′-tri-CDE, 2-MeO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE, and 2-HO-3′,4,4′-tri-CDE. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 5164–5175 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3938-2

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