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Direct and indirect photolysis of the antibiotic enoxacin: kinetics of oxidation by reactive photo-induced species and simulations

  • Advanced Oxidation Technologies: State-of-the-Art in Ibero-American Countries
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the aqueous phase photochemical behavior of enoxacin (ENO), an antibiotic selected as a model pollutant of emerging concern. The second-order reaction rate constants of ENO with hydroxyl radicals (HO●) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were determined at pH 3, 7, and 9. Also, the rate constants of the electron transfer reaction between ENO and triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*) are reported for the first time, based on anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQ2S) as CDOM proxy. The sunlight-driven direct and indirect ENO degradation in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also discussed. The results show that direct photolysis, which occurs more rapidly at higher pH, along with the reactions with HO● and 3AQ2S*, is the key pathway involved in ENO degradation. The ENO zwitterions, prevailing at pH 7, show kENO, HO●, kENO,1O2, and kENO,3AQ2S* of (14.0 ± 0.8) × 1010, (3.9 ± 0.2) × 106, and (61.5 ± 0.7) × 108 L mol−1 s−1, respectively, whose differences at pH 3, 7, and 9 are due to ENO pH-dependent speciation and reactivity. These k values, along with the experimental ENO photolysis quantum yield, were used in mathematical simulations for predicting ENO persistence in sunlit natural waters. According to the simulations, dissolved organic matter and water depth are expected to have the highest impacts on ENO half-life, varying from a few hours to days in summertime, depending on the concentrations of relevant waterborne species (organic matter, NO3−, NO2−, HCO3−).

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation, grant #2016/03695-8) and to Prof. Neyde Y. M. Iha (Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion of the Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Chemical Systems Engineering Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, tr. 3, São Paulo, SP, 380, Brazil

    Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta, Bruna Barberato & Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira

  2. Department of Energy Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Barrageiros, Rosana, SP, 1881, Brazil

    Marcela Prado Silva Parizi

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  1. Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta
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  2. Bruna Barberato
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  3. Marcela Prado Silva Parizi
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  4. Antonio Carlos Silva Costa Teixeira
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Correspondence to Arlen Mabel Lastre-Acosta or Marcela Prado Silva Parizi.

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Responsible editor: Suresh Pillai

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Lastre-Acosta, A.M., Barberato, B., Parizi, M.P.S. et al. Direct and indirect photolysis of the antibiotic enoxacin: kinetics of oxidation by reactive photo-induced species and simulations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 4337–4347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2555-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2555-4

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