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Risk of phosphorus leaching from phosphorus-enriched soils in the Dianchi catchment, Southwestern China

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Abstract

As an important pathway for phosphorus (P) transport from soil to water body, P leaching has aroused attention. This study aimed to investigate the degree of risk and forms of P leaching from P-enriched soils. Surface soils were collected from forest land (FL) and open agricultural land (OAL) in typical P-enriched area of the Dianchi catchment, China. Based on analysis of soil P and water-soluble P using chemical methods and 31P-NMR analysis, combined with a soil column leaching experiment, P forms and risk of P leaching were identified. CaCl2-extractable water-soluble organic P (CaCl2–Po), inorganic P (CaCl2–Pi), and total P (CaCl2–P) extracted using 0.01-M CaCl2 solution were found to be useful for predicting potential organic and inorganic P leaching, given a linear, positive correlation between CaCl2–P, CaCl2–Pi, and CaCl2–Po in soils and accumulated amounts of corresponding P forms in soil leachates. The majority of investigated FL was at or above the change points of 46, 46, and 42 mg AP kg−1 for CaCl2–Pi, CaCl2–Po, and CaCl2–P, respectively, and thus at a risk of P leaching. Organic and inorganic P leaching was present in nearly all investigated OAL. CaCl2–Po accounted for 66.0 % of CaCl2–P in FL and 56.1 % in OAL. Signals of 31P-NMR spectra were mainly attributable to orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, and orthophosphate diesters in FL and OAL soils. It is important to consider P loss due to leaching of inorganic and organic P in P-enriched areas.

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Acknowledgments

This project was jointly funded by National Natural Science Fund Projects of China (No. U1133604) and National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects of China (No. 2012ZX07102–003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

    Meng Li, Zhengyi Hu, Xiaoqi Zhu & Guohui Zhou

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  1. Meng Li
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  2. Zhengyi Hu
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  3. Xiaoqi Zhu
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  4. Guohui Zhou
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Correspondence to Zhengyi Hu.

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Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

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Li, M., Hu, Z., Zhu, X. et al. Risk of phosphorus leaching from phosphorus-enriched soils in the Dianchi catchment, Southwestern China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 8460–8470 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4008-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-4008-z

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