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Contamination levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in wild versus cultivated samples of female and male mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the Northwest Coast of Iberian Peninsula—new application for QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology

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Abstract

A newly analytical method based on QuEChERS extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed and validated for the quantification of 18 PCBs in wild (from Matosinhos Beach, Portugal) and cultivated (from Ria de Arousa, Spain) mussel samples, pooled by sex. Wild animals showed higher PCB levels than cultivated mussels, with males from both origins, presenting an upper contamination profile comparing with females. This fact seems to be correlated with few biometric parameters, but other interdependencies, not addressed herein, such as distinct lipid contents between sexes, as a consequence of the gametogenic stage, may also explain this data. Overall, data reiterate the importance of investigating the presence of PCBs in marine biological samples, which can act both as bioindicators of environmental contamination, either as food quality controls for human health.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by CESPU Project ref. 01-GCQF-CICS-10, by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) funds through the Competitiveness and Trade Expansion Program (COMPETE) and by National Funds provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) via the research projects PTDC/MAR/70436/2006 and PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011. Support was also given by the Master of Marine Sciences—Marine Resources (ICBAS-U.Porto).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICBAS—Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Oporto, Portugal

    Tânia Vieira Madureira, Cláudia Santos, Susana Velhote, Catarina Cruzeiro, Eduardo Rocha & Maria João Rocha

  2. CIIMAR/CIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U. Porto—University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Oporto, Portugal

    Tânia Vieira Madureira, Cláudia Santos, Susana Velhote, Catarina Cruzeiro, Eduardo Rocha & Maria João Rocha

  3. ISCS-N—Superior Institute of Health Sciences—North, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal

    Maria João Rocha

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  1. Tânia Vieira Madureira
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  2. Cláudia Santos
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  3. Susana Velhote
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  4. Catarina Cruzeiro
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  5. Eduardo Rocha
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  6. Maria João Rocha
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Correspondence to Maria João Rocha.

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Responsible editor: Leif Kronberg

Tânia Vieira Madureira and Cláudia Santos are joint first authors.

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Madureira, T.V., Santos, C., Velhote, S. et al. Contamination levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in wild versus cultivated samples of female and male mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the Northwest Coast of Iberian Peninsula—new application for QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methodology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 1528–1540 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2017-y

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