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An assessment of dioxin contamination from the intermittent operation of a municipal waste incinerator in Japan and associated remediation

  • 11th Forum of the International HCH and Pesticide Association
  • Published:
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Abstract

Significant dioxin (polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs)/polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs)) pollution from a municipal solid waste incinerator was discovered in 1997 in Osaka prefecture/Japan. The cause and mechanism of pollution was identified by a detailed assessment of the environment and incinerator plant. The primary sources of PCDD/PCDF pollution were high dioxin releases from an intermittently operated waste incinerator with PCDD/PCDF emissions of 150 ng-TEQ/Nm3. PCDD/PCDF also accumulated in the wet scrubber system (3,000 μg TEQ/L) by adsorption and water recirculation in the incinerator. Scrubber water was air-cooled with a cooling tower located on the roof of the incinerator. High concentrations of dioxins in the cooling water were released as aerosols into the surrounding and caused heavy soil pollution in the area near the plant. These emissions were considered as the major contamination pathway from the plant. Decontamination and soil remediation in and around the incinerator plant were conducted using a variety of destruction technologies (including incineration, photochemical degradation and GeoMelt technology). Although the soil remediation process was successfully finished in December 2006 about 3 % of the waste still remains. The case demonstrates that releases from incinerators which do not use best available technology or which are not operated according to best environmental practices can contaminate their operators and surrounding land. This significant pollution had a large impact on the Japanese government’s approach toward controlling dioxin pollution. Since this incident, a ministerial conference on dioxins has successfully strengthened control measures.

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Notes

  1. In the public perception the largest PCDD/PCDF sources are waste incinerators. However the largest historic PCDD/PCDF releases stem from the organochlorine/chlorine industry (e.g. chlorine production, pesticide production and application) often associated with dioxin-contaminated sites (Weber et al. 2008; Götz et al. 2012; Torres et al. 2012).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now Ministry of Environment), the Japan Waste Research Foundation, and the local government of Osaka Prefecture for the research programs, as well as many individuals for their cooperation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 615-8540

    Nobuo Takeda & Masaki Takaoka

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  1. Nobuo Takeda
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  2. Masaki Takaoka
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Correspondence to Masaki Takaoka.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

This article belongs to the series “Dioxin and POP Contaminated Sites” edited by Roland Weber, Mats Tysklind and Caroline Gaus (Weber et al. 2008).

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Takeda, N., Takaoka, M. An assessment of dioxin contamination from the intermittent operation of a municipal waste incinerator in Japan and associated remediation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 2070–2080 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1412-0

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