Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-Accuracy 2D Digital Image Correlation Measurements with Bilateral Telecentric Lenses: Error Analysis and Experimental Verification

  • Published:
Experimental Mechanics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

By comparing two digital images of a test planar specimen surface recorded in different configurations, two-dimensional digital image correlation (2D-DIC) provides full-field displacements to sub-pixel accuracy and full-field strains in the recorded images. For the 2D-DIC systems using an optical lens, a simple pinhole imaging model is commonly used to describe the linear relationship between the measured sensor plane displacements and the actual displacements in the object surface. However, in a practical measurement, various unavoidable disadvantageous factors, such as small out-of-plane motion of the test object surface occurred after loading, small out-of-plane motion of the sensor target due to the self-heating or temperature variation of a camera, and geometric distortion of the imaging lens, may seriously impair or slightly change the originally assumed linear correspondence. In certain cases, these disadvantages may lead to significant errors in displacements and strains measured by 2D-DIC. In this work, the measurement errors of 2D-DIC due to the above three disadvantageous factors are first described in detail. Then, to minimize the errors associated with these disadvantages, a high-accuracy 2D-DIC system using a bilateral telecentric lens is established. The performance of the established 2D-DIC system and other two 2D-DIC systems using a conventional lens and an object-side telecentric lens are investigated experimentally using easy-to-implement stationary, out-of-plane and in-plane rigid body translation tests. A detailed examination reveals that a high-quality bilateral telecentric lens is not only insensitive to out-of-plane motion of the test object and the self-heating of a camera, but also demonstrates negligible lens distortion. Uniaxial tensile tests of an aluminum specimen were also performed to quantitatively compare the axial and transversal strains measured by the proposed 2D-DIC system and those measured by strain gage rosettes. The perfect agreement between the two measurements further verifies the accuracy of the established 2D-DIC system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sutton MA, Orteu JJ, Schreier HW (2009) Image correlation for shape, motion and deformation measurements. Springer.

  2. Bornert M, Hild F, Orteu JJ, Roux S (2012) Digital image correlation (chapter 6). In Grédiac M, Hild F (eds) Full-field measurements and identification in solid mechanics. Wiley-ISTE, 512 p., November 2012, 157–190

  3. Pan B, Qian KM, Xie HM, Asundi A (2009) Two-dimensional digital image correlation for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review. Meas Sci Technol 20:062001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pan B (2011) Recent progress in digital image correlation. Exp Mech 51:1223–1235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Hild F, Roux S (2006) Digital image correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties - a review. Strain 42(2):69–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Smith BW, Li M, Tong W (1998) Error assessment for strain mapping by digital image correlation. Exp Tech 22(4):19–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Pan B, Xie HM, Wang ZY, Qian KM, Wang ZY (2008) Study of subset size selection in digital image correlation for speckle patterns. Opt Express 16(10):7037–7048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tong W (2005) An evaluation of digital image correlation criteria for strain mapping applications. Strain 41(4):167–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Pan B, Xie HM, Wang ZY (2010) Equivalence of digital image correlation criteria for pattern matching. Appl Opt 49(28):5501–5509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Lu H, Cary PD (2000) Deformation measurement by digital image correlation: implementation of a second-order displacement gradient. Exp Mech 40(4):393–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Pan B, Xie HM, Gao JX, Asundi A (2008) Improved speckle projection profilometry for out-of-plane shape measurement. Appl Opt 47(29):5527–5533

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Schreier HW, Braasch JR, Sutton MA (2000) Systematic errors in digital image correlation caused by intensity interpolation. Opt Eng 39(11):2915–2921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang YQ, Sutton MA, Bruch HA, Schreier HW (2009) Quantitative error assessment in pattern matching: effects of intensity pattern noise, interpolation, strain and image contrast on motion measurement. Strain 45:160–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pan B, Xie HM, Xu BQ, Dai FL (2006) Performance of sub-pixel registration algorithms in digital image correlation. Meas Sci Technol 17(6):15–1621

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pan B, Asundi A, Xie HM, Gao JX (2009) Digital image correlation using iterative least squares and pointwise least squares for displacement field and strain field measurements. Opt Laser Eng 47(7–8):865–874

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pan B, Lu ZX, Xie HM (2010) Mean intensity gradient: an effective global parameter for quality assessment of the speckle patterns used in digital image correlation. Opt Laser Eng 48(4):469–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang ZY, Li HQ et al (2007) Statistical analysis of the effect of intensity pattern noise on the displacement measurement precision of digital image correlation using self-correlated images. Exp Mech 47(5):701–707

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pan B (2013) Bias error reduction of digital image correlation using Gaussian pre-filtering. Opt Lasers Eng 51(10):1161–1167

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sutton MA, Yan JH, Tiwari V, Schreier WH, Orteu JJ (2008) The effect of out-of-plane motion on 2D and 3D digital image correlation measurements. Opt. Lasers Eng 46:746–757

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Hoult NA, Take WA, Lee C, Dutton M (2013) Experimental accuracy of two dimensional strain measurements using digital image correlation. Eng Struct 47:718–726

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ma SP, Pang JZ, Ma QW (2011) The systematic error in digital image correlation induced by self-heating of a digital camera. Meas Sci Technol 23:025403

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yoneyama S, Kikuta H, Kitagawa A, Kitamura K (2006) Lens distortion correction for digital image correlation by measuring rigid body displacement. Opt Eng 45(2):023602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yoneyama S, Kitagawa A, Kitamura K, Kikuta H (2006) In-plane displacement measurement using digital image correlation with lens distortion correction. JSME Int J Ser A Sol Mech Mat Eng 49(3):458–467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tiwari V, Sutton MA, McNeill SR (2007) Assessment of high speed imaging systems for 2D and 3D deformation measurements: Methodology development and validation. Exp Mech 47(4):561–579

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang DS, Luo M, Arola DD (2006) Displacement/strain measurements using an optical microscope and digital image correlation. Opt Eng 45(3):033605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Pan B, Yu LP, Dafang W, Tang L (2013) Systematic errors in two-dimensional digital image correlation due to lens distortion. Opt Lasers Eng 51(2):140–147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Weng J, Cohen P, Herniou M (1992) Camera calibration with distortion models and accuracy evaluation. Patt Analys Mach Intell (PAMI) 14(10):965–980

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Petrozzo RA, Singer SW (2001) Telecentric Lenses simplify noncontact metrology. Test & Meas World 15:4–9

    Google Scholar 

  29. Pan B, Li K (2011) A fast digital image correlation method for deformation measurement. Opt Laser Eng 49(7):841–847

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Pan B, Wu DF, Wang ZY, Xia Y (2011) High-temperature digital image correlation for full-field deformation measurement at 1200°C. Meas Sci Technol 22(1):015701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Pan B, Wu DF, Xia Y (2012) An active imaging digital image correlation method for deformation measurement insensitive to ambient light. Opt Laser Technol 44(1):204–209

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants nos. 11002012, 11172026, 11272032 and 91216301), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant no. NCET-12-0023), China Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund Project (Grant no. CASC201101), Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 2011ZD51043).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Solid Mechanics, Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Beijing, 100191, China

    Bing Pan, Liping Yu & Dafang Wu

Authors
  1. Bing Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Liping Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Dafang Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bing Pan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pan, B., Yu, L. & Wu, D. High-Accuracy 2D Digital Image Correlation Measurements with Bilateral Telecentric Lenses: Error Analysis and Experimental Verification. Exp Mech 53, 1719–1733 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9774-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9774-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation