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Level-Scheduling bei Variantenfließfertigung: Klassifikation, Literaturüberblick und Modellkritik

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Zusammenfassung

Viele Hersteller von Verbrauchsgütern sehen sich heutzutage einer enormen Variantenvielfalt gegenüber, die sie auf ihren Fließsystemen produzieren müssen. So bietet etwa BMW seine Automobile in 1032 theoretisch möglichen Varianten an. Um nicht die marktseitigen Vorteile dieser Variantenvielfalt durch ineffiziente Produktionsabläufe aufzuzehren, muss die Produktionsplanung diesem Phänomen angemessen Rechnung tragen. Ein wichtiges Aufgabengebiet ist in diesem Zusammenhang die Reihenfolgeplanung, die über die Fertigungsfolge der Varianten auf einem Fließsystem entscheidet. Im Zuge des ,,Toyota Production System“ hat sich dazu das sog. Level-Scheduling etabliert, welches darauf zielt, den durch die Fertigungsfolge der Varianten induzierten Materialbedarf möglichst gleichmäßig auf den Planungshorizont zu verteilen, um so eine Just-in-Time-Versorgung der Linie ohne größere Lagerbestände zu ermöglichen. Dieser Aufsatz referiert und klassifiziert die zahlreichen Veröffentlichungen zum Level-Scheduling und will vor allem deren Eignung für den Praxiseinsatz kritisch hinterfragen.

Abstract

Manufacturers of consumer goods nowadays have to cope with an enormous product variety, which is to be produced on their assembly systems. Car manufacturer BMW for example, offers its automobiles in 1032 theoretically possible variations. A sophisticated production planning is essential, so that the market benefits of a diversified product portfolio are not spoiled by inefficient production processes. A critical issue in this context is the short-term sequencing, determining the order in which models are processed on the assembly system. As part of the “Toyota Production System” the so called level-scheduling has established, which aims at evenly smoothing the material requirements induced by the production sequence over time, so that a just-in-time supply of material is enabled and inventories are minimized. This paper provides a systematic overview on the wide range of publications on level scheduling and controversially discusses its appropriateness for practical applications.

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  1. Institut für Industrielles Management, Universität Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Nils Boysen & Malte Fliedner

  2. Lehrstuhl für Betriebswirtschaftliche Entscheidungsanalyse, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Carl-Zeiß-Straße 3, 07743, Jena, Deutschland

    Armin Scholl

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Boysen, N., Fliedner, M. & Scholl, A. Level-Scheduling bei Variantenfließfertigung: Klassifikation, Literaturüberblick und Modellkritik. JfB 57, 37–66 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-007-0019-x

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