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Structural, Biochemical, and Physiological Adjustments for Toxicity Management, Accumulation, and Remediation of Cadmium in Wetland Ecosystems by Typha domingensis Pers

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Abstract

Five populations of Typha domingensis Pers. were evaluated for their tolerance to different regimes of cadmium (Cd). Plants were collected from different sites in Punjab province of Pakistan viz. Jaranwala (S1), Farooq Abad (S2), Chiniot (S3), Khurianwala (S4), and Sidhnai (S5). Collected plants were established for three months and then subjected to Cd levels, i.e., 0, 50, 100, and 150 µM L−1. Differential changes in attributes presented variation in tolerance level of T. domingensis populations against Cd toxicity. Fresh and dry biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and total soluble sugars were decreased in all populations under Cd stress, but reduction in biomass of S2 plants was least. Similarly, amino acids, protein contents, and antioxidant enzymatic activity were increased in S2 and S3 under Cd. The populations, i.e., S2, S3, with better anti-oxidative metabolism, ionic partitioning, and growth presented useful structural changes in root and leaves. Contrary to increased leaf thickness, area of leaf and root conducting vessels was decreased with increasing Cd concentrations but these changes were lowest in S2 plants as compared to other populations. Our data indicate that the higher tolerance to Cd toxicity observed in S2 population of T. domingensis could be related to the collective role played by physiological, biochemical and anatomical changes.

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Data Availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

CAR:

Cartenoid

CAT:

Catalase

Chl_a:

Chlorophyll-a

Chl_b:

Chlorophyll-b

CRD:

Completely randomized design

EDTA:

Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid

FW:

Fresh weight

GB:

Glycinebetaine

HMs:

Heavy metal

LACA:

Leaf arenchyma cell area

LCCA:

Leaf cortical cell area

LCd:

Leaf cadmium

LCl:

Leaf chloride

LK:

Leaf Potassium

LMVCA:

Leaf Metaxylem vessel cell area

Lna:

Leaf Sodium

LP:

Leaf Phosphorus

LStT:

Leaf schlrenchyma thickness

LT:

Leaf thickness

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NBT:

Nitroblue tetrazolium

OD:

Optimal density

POD:

Peroxidase

PS II:

Photosystem-II

RA:

Root area

RAA:

Root aerenchyma area

RCCA:

Root cortical cell area

RCd:

Root cadmium

RENCA:

Root endodermal cell area

REPCA:

Root epidermal cell area

REPT:

Root epidermal thickness

RMVCA:

Root Metaxylem cell area

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RPHA:

Root phloem area

RVBCA:

Root vascular bundle cell area

S1 :

Jaranwalal

S2 :

Farooqabad

S3 :

Chiniot

S4 :

Khurianwala

S5 :

Sidhnai

SFWT:

Shoot fresh weight

SOD:

Speroxide dismutase

SRM:

Standard reference materials

TBA:

Thiobarbituric acid

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

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Acknowledgements

Authors are highly thankful to Government College for Women University, Faisalabad Pakistan for providing experimental station and lab facilities. A Part of this research paper has been extracted from Master theses of Ms. Omey Habiba and Mehwish Hina. Authors also extend their appreciation to the deanship of scientific research, King Khalid university for research group program under R.G.P. 2/17/43.

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Author notes

  1. Noreen Akhter, Omey Habiba, and Mehwish Hina contributed equally.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Noreen Akhter, Omey Habiba & Mehwish Hina

  2. Department of Botany, Govt. Post-Graduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Muslim Shahnaz

  3. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia

    Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr

  4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Saad Alamri & Mohamed Hashem

  5. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt

    Mohamed Hashem

  6. Department of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Noreen Khalid

  7. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Aqeel

  8. Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Ali Noman

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Contributions

NA and AN: conceived the Idea and designed the experiment; NA, MA, and AN: writing, review, editing; NA, OH, MH, and MMS: performed experiment, gathered literature; MA, FMA, SA, and SMA: analyzed the data, and helps in interpretation of results; MA, AN, and MH: critically revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Aqeel or Ali Noman.

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Akhter, N., Habiba, O., Hina, M. et al. Structural, Biochemical, and Physiological Adjustments for Toxicity Management, Accumulation, and Remediation of Cadmium in Wetland Ecosystems by Typha domingensis Pers. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05613-w

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