Abstract
Several chemical compounds are being studied for their capacities to cause imbalances in several biological systems. Some of those are able to affect the endocrine system and are known as endocrine disruptors. Many negative effects can be induced in the organisms by the action of these chemicals, highlighting the capacity to cause a decrease in the fertility rate, sex inversion, and problems in embryonic development and even cancer in humans. Those contaminants can be found in different environmental conditions, in groundwater, sediments, residual waters, sludges, and even in drinking water. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the main estrogenic endocrine disruptors and their effects on living organisms, showing the most frequently used tools to detect these contaminants in environmental matrices. According to the data found, there is a need to develop more studies and improve the techniques, in order to effectively determine the mechanism of action of these contaminants and, thus, establish appropriate strategies for their removal from the environment and reduce their actions on living beings.
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Abbreviations
- 17αEE2:
-
17α-Ethinylestradiol
- 17βE2:
-
17β-Estradiol
- 4-CP:
-
4-Cumylphenol
- APEO:
-
Alkylphenol ethoxylates
- APS:
-
Alkylphenols
- BBzP:
-
Butylbenzyl phthalate
- BCFs:
-
Bioconcentration Factors
- BPA:
-
Bisphenol A
- DEHP:
-
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DEP:
-
Diethyl phthalate
- DES:
-
Diethylstilbestrol
- DiBP:
-
Diisobutyl phthalate
- DiDP:
-
Diisodecyl phthalate
- DiNP:
-
Diisononyl phthalate
- DMP:
-
Dimethyl phthalate
- DnBP:
-
Di-n-butyl phthalate
- DOP:
-
Di-n-octhyl phthalate
- E1:
-
Estrone
- E3:
-
Estriol
- ED:
-
Endocrine disruptor
- EDsA:
-
Androgenic compounds
- EDsE:
-
Estrogenic endocrine disruptors
- EDsT:
-
Thyroidal compounds
- EEQ:
-
Estradiol equivalent
- EFSA:
-
European Food Safety Authority
- ER:
-
Estrogen receptor
- ERBA:
-
Estrogen receptor binding assay
- GSI:
-
Gonadal somatic index
- GSI:
-
Somatic index
- HIS:
-
Hepatosomatic index
- LOAEL:
-
Lowest observed adverse effect level
- NMDRC:
-
Nonmonotonic dose-response curve
- NP:
-
Nonylphenols
- NP1EO:
-
Nonylphenol-mono-ethoxylate
- NP2EO:
-
Ethoxylate
- OP:
-
Octylphenols
- PAHs:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- PBB:
-
Polybrominated biphenyls
- PCB:
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls
- PVC:
-
Polyvinyl chloride
- SS:
-
Sewage sludge
- STP:
-
Sewage treatment plant
- TCDD:
-
2,3,7,8-Tetrachloridibenzo-p-dioxin
- TDI:
-
Tolerable daily intake
- VTG:
-
Vitellogenin
- WTPs:
-
Water treatment plants
- WWTP:
-
Wastewater treatment plants
- YES:
-
Yeast estrogen screen
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP Processo 2011/16552-7 and Brazilian National Research Council – CNPq, Universal Project, Process no. 460962/2014-0.
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Pamplona-Silva, M.T., Mazzeo, D.E.C., Bianchi, J. et al. Estrogenic Compounds: Chemical Characteristics, Detection Methods, Biological and Environmental Effects. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3796-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3796-z