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Molecular evolution of human adenovirus type 16 through multiple recombination events

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Abstract

Human mastadenoviruses (HAdVs) are non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses that are comprised of more than 85 types classified within seven species (A–G) based on genomics. All HAdV prototypes and many newly defined type genomes have been completely sequenced and are available. Computational analyses of the prototypes and newly emergent HAdV strains provide insights into the evolutionary history and molecular adaptation of HAdV. Most types of HAdV-B are important pathogens causing severe respiratory infections or urinary tract infections and are well characterized. However, HAdV-16 of the B1 subspecies has rarely been reported and its genome is poorly characterized. In this study, bioinformatics analysis, based on genome sequences obtained in GenBank, suggested that HAdV-16, a prototype HAdV-B species, evolved from multiple intertypic recombination events. HAdV-16 genome contains the hexon loop 1 to loop 2 region from HAdV-E4, the partial hexon conserved region 4 (C4) from the subspecies HAdV-B2, genome region 30,897–33,384 containing the fiber gene from SAdV-35, and other genomic parts from the subspecies HAdV-B1. Moreover, analysis of sequence similarity with HAdV-E4 LI, LII, and SAdV-36 strains demonstrated the recombination events happened rather early. Further, amino acid sequence alignment indicated that the amino acid variations occurred in hypervariable regions (HVRs). Especially, the major difference in HVR7, which contains the critical neutralization epitope of HAdV-E4, between HAdV-16 and HAdV-E4 might explain the low level of cross-neutralization between these strains. Our findings promote better understanding on HAdV evolution, predicting newly emergent HAdV strains, and developing novel HAdV vectors.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1200100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31570163), and the Youth Project of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease (SKLRD-QN-201713). We sincerely thank the reviewers for their comments, which have greatly improved the quality of this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China

    Xingui Tian, Hongkai Wu & Rong Zhou

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  1. Xingui Tian
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  2. Hongkai Wu
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  3. Rong Zhou
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XT conceived and wrote the paper, HW performed most computational analyses and revised the paper, and RZ provided advice and supervised the work. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hongkai Wu or Rong Zhou.

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Tian, X., Wu, H. & Zhou, R. Molecular evolution of human adenovirus type 16 through multiple recombination events. Virus Genes 55, 769–778 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01698-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-019-01698-4

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