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Differences in future life expectancy of testicular germ-cell tumor patients vs. age-matched male population-based controls

  • Urology - Original Paper
  • Published:
International Urology and Nephrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

It is unknown whether five-year overall survival (OS) differs and to what extent between testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) patients and age-matched male population-based controls.

Materials

We identified newly diagnosed (2004–2014) TGCT patients within Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database 2004–2019. We compared OS between non-seminoma (NS-TGCT) and seminoma (S-TGCT) patients relative to age-matched male population-based controls based on Social Security Administration Life-Tables. Smoothed cumulative incidence plots displayed cancer-specific mortality (CSM) vs. other-cause mortality (OCM).

Results

Of all 20,935 TGCT patients, 43% had NS-TGCT and 57% had S-TGCT. Of NS-TGCT patients, 63% were stage I vs. 16% stage II vs. 21% stage III. Of S-TGCT patients, 86% were stage I vs. 8% were stage II vs. 6% stage III. Five-year OS differences between NS-TGCT patients vs age-matched male population-based controls were 97 vs. 99% (Δ = 2%) for stage I, 96 vs. 99% (Δ = 3%) for stage II, 76 vs 98% (Δ = 22%) for stage III. Five-year OS differences between S-TGCT patients vs age-matched male population-based controls were 97 vs. 98% (Δ = 1%) for stage I, 95 vs. 97% (Δ = 2%) for stage II, 87 vs. 98% (Δ = 11%) for stage III. OCM rates ranged from 1 to 3% in NS-TGCT patients and from 2 to 4% in S-TGCT patients.

Conclusion

The OS difference between NS-TGCT patients vs. age-matched male population-based controls was invariably higher across all stages (2–22%) than for S-TGCT patients (1–11%). Reassuringly, OCM rates were marginal in stage I and stage II patients. Conversely, higher OCM rates were recorded in stage III patients.

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Data availability

All data generated for this analysis were from the SEER database (https://seer.cancer.gov/data/). The code for the analyses will be made available upon request.

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Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Simone Morra, Mattia Luca Piccinelli, Cristina Cano Garcia, Stefano Tappero, Francesco Barletta, Reha-Baris Incesu, Lukas Scheipner, Andrea Baudo, Zhe Tian, Fred Saad & Pierre I. Karakiewicz

  2. Department of Neurosciences, Science of Reproduction and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Simone Morra, Vincenzo Mirone, Gianluigi Califano, Claudia Colla’ Ruvolo & Nicola Longo

  3. Department of Urology, IEO European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, Milan, Italy

    Mattia Luca Piccinelli, Ottavio de Cobelli & Gennaro Musi

  4. Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Mattia Luca Piccinelli

  5. Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Cristina Cano Garcia & Felix K. H. Chun

  6. Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy

    Stefano Tappero & Carlo Terrone

  7. Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy

    Stefano Tappero & Carlo Terrone

  8. Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Francesco Barletta & Alberto Briganti

  9. Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Reha-Baris Incesu & Derya Tilki

  10. Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Lukas Scheipner & Sascha Ahyai

  11. Department of Urology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy

    Andrea Baudo & Luca Carmignani

  12. Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  13. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  14. Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  15. Hourani Center of Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan

    Shahrokh F. Shariat

  16. Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy

    Ottavio de Cobelli & Gennaro Musi

  17. Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Derya Tilki

  18. Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Derya Tilki

  19. Department of Urology, IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi – Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy

    Luca Carmignani

Authors
  1. Simone Morra
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  2. Mattia Luca Piccinelli
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  3. Cristina Cano Garcia
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  4. Stefano Tappero
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  5. Francesco Barletta
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  6. Reha-Baris Incesu
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  7. Lukas Scheipner
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  8. Andrea Baudo
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  9. Zhe Tian
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  10. Fred Saad
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  19. Alberto Briganti
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  23. Nicola Longo
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  24. Pierre I. Karakiewicz
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Contributions

Conceptualization and Methodology: SM, MLP; Acquisition of the data: SM, CCG, AB; Formal analysis: SM, ZT; Investigation and Data Curation: SM, ST, FB; Writing- Original Draft: SM, MLP, RBI, LS; Visualization: FS, VM, GC, CCR, SS, OdC, GM, FKHC, CT, AB, DT, SA, LC; Funding acquisition: N/A; Supervision: NL, PIK; Project administration: PIK.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simone Morra.

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Conflict of interest

Shahrokh F. Shariat: Horonraria: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Consulting or Advisory Role: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen. Speakers’ Bureau: Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cepheid, Ferring, lpsen, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Olympus, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Richard Wolf, Roche, Sanochemia, Sanofi, Takeda, Urogen, Movember Foundation. Patents: Method to determine prognosis after therapy for prostate cancer - granted 2002-09-06, Methods to determine prognosis after therapy for bladder cancer - granted 2003-06-19, Prognostic methods for patients with prostatic disease - granted 2004-08-05; Soluble Fas urinary marker for the detection of bladder transitional cell carcinoma - granted 2010-07-20. Our research was conducted without any other potential conflicts of interest.

Ethics statement

All analyses and their reporting followed the SEER reporting guidelines. Due to the anonymously coded design of the SEER database, study‐ specific Institutional Review Board ethics approval as not required.

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Morra, S., Piccinelli, M.L., Cano Garcia, C. et al. Differences in future life expectancy of testicular germ-cell tumor patients vs. age-matched male population-based controls. Int Urol Nephrol 55, 3119–3128 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-023-03763-2

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