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Molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from wild animals in Benin, West Africa

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Abstract

Tick and tick-borne pathogens constitute a growing veterinary and public health concern around the world. Ticks are considered natural reservoirs for tick-borne related pathogens and are equally responsible for the spread of infections in animals as well as humans. In this study, the presence of Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in hard ticks collected from reptiles, birds, and wild mammalian animals. The sample collection was carried out between December 2020 and September 2021. Adult ticks (male and female) were collected from wild animals in six districts of southern Benin. Molecular analysis was used to verify the presence of pathogens in all the ticks collected from wild animals. A total of 504 ticks were collected and grouped into 115 different tick pools. The PCR analysis detected 19 out of 115 tick pools which turn out positive for Rickettsia spp. and 9/115 tick pools positive for Bartonella spp., while Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was not detected in any tick. Several of the tick species collected from our studied reptiles/wild mammalian animals could be potential sources of zoonotic pathogens when subjected to further investigation. Therefore, stringent attention should be established for tick infestation of reptiles/wild mammalian animals in order to put in place proper control and prevention measures for tick-borne diseases in the wild, which could serve as reservoirs in the infestation of domestic animals/humans in the event of any possible contact.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Communicable Diseases Research Unit (URMAT), NGO “Cercle d’Actions pour la Protection de l’Environnement et de la Biodiversité (CAPE BIO),” and Regional Center for Research and Education for Integrated Development which allowed us to do this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Communicable Diseases Research Unit (URMAT), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01, PO Box: 2009, Cotonou, Benin

    Roland Eric Yessinou, Safiou Adehan & Souaïbou Farougou

  2. National Institute of Agronomic Research/Agronomic Research Centre of Agonkanmey, 01, PO Box: 2900, Cotonou, Benin

    Safiou Adehan

  3. Regional Center for Research and Education for Integrated Development (CREDI-ONG), BP 471, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin

    Georges Codjo Hedegbetan

  4. Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, (PD), Italy

    Rudi Cassini

  5. Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, P.M.B 0001, Plateau State, Nigeria

    Samuel Elias Mantip

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  1. Roland Eric Yessinou
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  2. Safiou Adehan
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Contributions

R. E. Y., G. C. H., and S. F. conceived and designed the experiments; R. E. Y., R. C., S. A., and S. E. interpreted the results and contributed to writing the manuscript; R. C. contributed with analytical tools and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Roland Eric Yessinou.

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Yessinou, R.E., Adehan, S., Hedegbetan, G.C. et al. Molecular characterization of Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in hard ticks collected from wild animals in Benin, West Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 54, 306 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-022-03286-5

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