Abstract
Advanced chelate compounds technology is a novel technology that introduces a new generation of chelates to deliver trace elements better by polymerization of organic acids. In the present study, the over-supplementation effect of Bonzaplex7 supplement, which is designed based on the aforementioned technology, was evaluated on milk yield of dairy Holstein cattle through two experiments. In the first experiment (exp. I), 24 primiparous dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) without over-supplementation (control); (2) daily allowance of 7 g/cow Bonzaplex7 containing Co (12 mg), Cr (3.5 mg), Cu (126 mg), Fe (56 mg), Mn (196 mg), Se (2 mg), and Zn (357 mg) (Bonzaplex7); and (3) daily allowance of the same amounts of all of the trace minerals in amino acid complex form (AA). In the second experiment (exp. II), 170 multiparous dairy cows received either 7 g/day/cow Bonzaplex7 (85 cows, test) or no additional supplement (85 cows, NS). In exp. I, the milk yields in control, Bonzaplex7, and AA were 34.30, 36.46, and 35.83 kg/day, respectively (P = 0.528). No significant differences in milk composition were detected among the groups. In exp. II, however, higher milk fat and energy-corrected milk yield were observed in test compared with NS. Both Bonzeplex7 and AA elevated the plasma concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Se. The results provided evidence that supplementing dairy cows with a combination of trace minerals which produced using the advanced chelate compounds technology has a potential to improve milk fat and to decrease disease susceptibility under stressed conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andrieu S 2008. Is there a role for organic trace element supplements in transition cow health? The Veterinary Journal 176, 77-83.
Ashmead HD, Ashmead SD and Samford RA 2004. Effects of metal amino acid chelates on milk production, reproduction, and body condition in Holstein first calf heifers. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine 2, 252–260.
Berger LL 1996. Variation in the trace mineral content of feedstuffs. The Professional Animal Scientist 12, 1-5.
Chester-Jones H, Vermeire D, Brommelsiek W, Brokken K, Marx G and Linn JG 2013. Effect of trace mineral source on reproduction and milk production in Holstein cows. The Professional Animal Scientist 29, 289-297.
Correa LB, Zanetti MA, Del Claro GR, de Melo MP, Rosa AF and Saran Netto A 2012. Effect of supplementation of two sources and two levels of copper on lipid metabolism in Nellore beef cattle. Meat Science 91, 466-471.
Cortinhas CS, Freitas Júnior JEd, Naves JdR, Porcionato MAdF, Silva LFPe, Rennó FP and Santos MVd 2012. Organic and inorganic sources of zinc, copper and selenium in diets for dairy cows: intake, blood metabolic profile, milk yield and composition. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 41, 1477-1483.
Del Valle TA, Jesus, EFd, Paiva, PGd, Bettero, VP, Zanferari, F, Acedo TS, Tamassia, LFM and Rennó, FP 2015. Effect of organic sources of minerals on fat-corrected milk yield of dairy cows in confinement. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 44, 103-108.
Engle TE 2011. Copper and lipid metabolism in beef cattle: A review. Journal of Animal Science 89, 591-596.
Formigoni A, Fustini M, Archetti L, Emanuele S, Sniffen C and Biagi G 2011. Effects of an organic source of copper, manganese and zinc on dairy cattle productive performance, health status and fertility. Animal Feed Science and Technology 164, 191-198.
Gressley TF 2009. Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and selenium in dairy cattle rations. Proceedings of the 7th Annual Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference.
Harmon RJ 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2103-2112.
Juarez ST, Robinson PH, DePeters EJ and Price EO 2003. Impact of lameness on behavior and productivity of lactating Holstein cows. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 83, 1-14.
Kincaid RL and Socha MT 2004. Inorganic Versus Complexed Trace Mineral Supplements on Performance of Dairy Cows1. The Professional Animal Scientist 20, 66-73.
López-Alonso M 2012. Trace minerals and livestock: Not too much not too little. ISRN Veterinary Science 2012, 704825.
Miller JK, Brzezinska-Slebodzinska E and Madsen FC 1993. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Animal Function. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 2812-2823.
Mohammadi V, Ghazanfari S, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A and Nazaran MH 2015. Comparative effects of zinc-nano complexes, zinc-sulphate and zinc-methionine on performance in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 56, 486-493.
Nazaran MH 2012. Chelate compounds. In Google Patents, US.
Nocek JE, Socha MT and Tomlinson DJ 2006. The effect of trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2679-2693.
NRC 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Overton TR and Yasui T 2014. Practical applications of trace minerals for dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science 92, 416-426.
Pechová A, Pavlata L, Dvořák R and Lokajová E 2008. Contents of Zn, Cu, Mn and Se in milk in relation to their concentrations in blood, milk yield and stage of lactation in dairy cattle. Acta Veterinaria Brno 77, 523-531.
Rabiee AR, Lean IJ, Stevenson MA and Socha MT 2010. Effects of feeding organic trace minerals on milk production and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 4239-4251.
Seyfori H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I, Nazaran MH and Hafizi M 2017. Growth performance, mineral digestibility, and blood characteristics of ostriches receiving drinking water supplemented with varying levels of chelated trace mineral complex. Biological Trace Element Research 183, 147-155.
Seyfori H, Ghasemi HA, Hajkhodadadi I and Hafizi M 2019. Effects of water supplementation of an organic acid-trace mineral complex on production and slaughter parameters, intestinal histomorphology, and macronutrient digestibility in growing ostriches. Poultry Science 98, 4860-4867.
Sjaunja LO, Baevre L, Junkkarinen L, Pedersen J and Setälä J 1990. A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. Paper presented at Proceedings of the 27th Biennial Session of the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR); 2–6 July, Paris, France. EAAP publication no. 50.
Sova AD, LeBlanc SJ, McBride BW and DeVries TJ 2014. Accuracy and precision of total mixed rations fed on commercial dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 562-571.
Spears J 2000. Micronutrients and immune function in cattle. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 587-594.
Spears JW 2003. Trace mineral bioavailability in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 133, 1506S-1509S.
Spears JW and Weiss WP 2008. Role of antioxidants and trace elements in health and immunity of transition dairy cows. Veterinary Journal 176, 70-76.
Vincent JB 2000. The biochemistry of chromium. Journal of Nutrition 130, 715-718.
Zhong Y, Xue M and Liu J 2018. Composition of Rumen Bacterial Community in Dairy Cows With Different Levels of Somatic Cell Counts. Frontiers in Microbiology 9.
Acknowledgments
The kind cooperation of the director and staff of the Animal Research Station of the University of Tehran and Department of Research and Development at Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company as well as Avin Dasht Dairy Farm is greatly acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethics statement
All procedures involving animals were approved by the International Animal Care and Ethics Committee of Iranian Council of Animal Care.
Software and data repository resources
None of the data were deposited in an official repository.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Implications
Supplementing dairy cows with an optimum level of trace minerals is important to meet high production requirements. In this study, we used a novel technology (e.g., advanced chelate compounds) to deliver trace elements better by polymerization of organic acids. The results show that higher milk fat and lower somatic cell count may be achieved in dairy cows supplemented with organic acid-chelated trace minerals.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Banadaky, M.D., Rajaei-Sharifabadi, H., Hafizi, M. et al. Lactation responses of Holstein dairy cows to supplementation with a combination of trace minerals produced using the advanced chelate compounds technology. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 55 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02539-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02539-5