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Mineral availability in soil and fodders affecting blood profiles in Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes

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Abstract

A mineral assessment study for dairy buffaloes, Nili-Ravi breed, was carried out seasonally at silvopasture farm at Sargodha, Pakistan. Sampling for soil, forage, and buffalo serum was done seasonally for a period of 1 year for mineral (P, Mg, Na, K, Ca) evaluation. In the study, experiments on forages showed significant differences in mean concentrations of Mg and P with changing seasons, whereas the values for Ca, Mg, Na, and K did not vary significantly. Three groups of buffaloes were checked for mineral concentration in blood serum, viz., calves, lactating and non-lactating. Ca mean concentration varied significantly for non-lactating buffaloes and calves between two seasons. Na mean level showed a significant difference for two sampling seasons among calves and lactating buffaloes. Mean level for Mg only differed significantly in serum of non-lactating buffaloes between the two seasons. Mean levels for Ca and P in soil and forage remained higher than the optimal level, whereas soil Na was below the critical level. K concentrations in soil and blood serum were above the critical level, while Mg levels remained below the optimal range in soil, forage, and blood serum. K concentration in forage remained below the optimal level. All buffalo categories displayed lower levels of Ca and P in serum. Na concentration in forage and serum exceeded the critical level. Furthermore, Ca yielded significant and positive correlation between soil and serum level, whereas K had significant but negative correlation for soil-forage and forage-serum. Overall, it was determined that P deficiency existed among buffaloes, which could be improved via supplementation. Similarly, K deficiency and Mg deficiency were exhibited for forage and soil respectively which could be countered through addition of fertilizers rich for these minerals. In brief, the mineral utilization of buffaloes is affected by reduced availability of essential nutrients and may result in lower productivity. It is suggested to add mineral supplementation in addition to natural diet of buffaloes to enhance the productivity of these animals.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers.

Funding

The Higher Education Commission of Pakistan is acknowledged for providing the financial support through a research project (Grant Number 2484/13). It is also funded by the Major Project of Horizontal Cooperation between Fuyang Municipal Government and Fuyang Normal University (Grant Number XDHX201725), Anhui Provincial Educational Commission Natural Science Foundation Project (Grant Number KJ2019ZD36), and Anhui Provincial Scientific and Technological Project (Grant Number 201806a02020028).

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  1. Wuyi Liu and Zafar Iqbal Khan are the co-first authors with an equal contribution to the article.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences & Department of Science and Technology, Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuyang Normal University, Anhui, Fuyang, China

    Wuyi Liu

  2. Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Zafar Iqbal Khan, Asia Fardous, Sumaira Gondal & Kafeel Ahmad

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Naunain Mehmood

  4. Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan

    Ijaz Rasool Noorka

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  1. Wuyi Liu
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Correspondence to Wuyi Liu.

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Ethical approval was taken from Department Ethical Review Committee to conduct the study, and no animal was involved/harmed in this study.

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Liu, W., Khan, Z.I., Mehmood, N. et al. Mineral availability in soil and fodders affecting blood profiles in Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes. Trop Anim Health Prod 53, 98 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02511-3

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