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Anticoccidial effects of Khaya senegalensis aqueous stem bark extract on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria species

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Abstract

Graded concentrations (200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of the aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chicken. The phytochemical analysis shows the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and steroids. There was significant reduction in oocyst count across the groups in a graded dose manner with 800 mg/kg being the most efficacious dose. There was also weight gain across the treatment groups with immuno-modulatory and erythropoetic activities observed. Also, a significant (p < 0.05) graded dose-dependent reduction in the oocyst count in the treatment groups. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in mean weight gain was also recorded across the experimental groups except the negative control. The haematology also showed a dose-dependent increase in red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume of the treatment groups. The extract had no significant difference (p > 0.05) on the white blood cells, but a slight decrease in the white blood cells and heterophil counts was observed at 400 mg/kg. Furthermore, the aspartate amino transaminase level showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Fluctuating levels of other serum biochemical parameters such as total protein, albumin and potassium were observed. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in the sodium concentration was observed. In addition, oxidative stress biomarkers such as catalase significantly increased (p < 0.05) in all the experimental groups in addition to the concomitant increase in reduced gluthathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Conclusively, the aqueous extract of K. senegalensis was effective in the management of coccidiosis thus supporting its folkloric use.

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Funding

The authors received grant for the research from the African Education Initiative (NEF), USA, in partnership with the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria

    Issa A. Muraina, Jurbe G. Gotep, ThankGod E. Onyiche, Oladimeji B. Aladelokun, Christiana C. Dapuliga, Gilead E. Forcados, Nonyelim Ozele, Ann L. Samuel & Olusola O. Oladipo

  2. Parasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria

    James T. Tanko

  3. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

    ThankGod E. Onyiche

  4. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa

    ThankGod E. Onyiche

  5. Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA

    Oladimeji B. Aladelokun

  6. Department of Microbiology Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    Christiana C. Dapuliga

  7. Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, PMB 01, Nigeria

    Olatunde B. Akanbi & Philip A. Okewole

  8. Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria

    Olatunde B. Akanbi

  9. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria

    Mohammed S. Ahmed

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  1. Issa A. Muraina
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  2. Jurbe G. Gotep
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  5. Oladimeji B. Aladelokun
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  6. Christiana C. Dapuliga
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  8. Nonyelim Ozele
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  9. Ann L. Samuel
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  10. Olusola O. Oladipo
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  11. Olatunde B. Akanbi
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Correspondence to ThankGod E. Onyiche.

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Muraina, I.A., Gotep, J.G., Tanko, J.T. et al. Anticoccidial effects of Khaya senegalensis aqueous stem bark extract on broiler chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria species. Trop Anim Health Prod 52, 1249–1255 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02125-4

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