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Seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever (Coxiellosis) in cattle herds in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria

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Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis and Q fever in cattle in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study aimed at determining the significance of Brucella spp. and Coxiella burnetti infections in cattle. A total of 400 sera samples (139 from males and 261 from females cattle) were collected and screened for brucellosis using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for brucellosis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) for Q fever. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the sampled animals from the study population. Data were analyzed to determine association and risk factors. Sera analysis revealed that, 18.5 and 6.8% were seropositive by RBPT and cELISA for brucellosis, while 6.2% was seropositive by iELISA for Q fever. A significant association was detected between cattle sex and sensitivity of RBPT for detecting Brucella. Meanwhile, a non-significant association was found between cattle age and breed with sensitivity of RBPT, cELISA, and iELISA. The study indicates that brucellosis and Q ever exist with high prevalence particularly among female cattle. This presents a serious public health problem, calling for greater awareness among stakeholders and for co-ordinated surveillance for the diseases among cattle populations in Nigeria.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledged the assistance of Mr. Yahuza Suleiman, Mr. Mahmud, and all the technical staff of the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Kaduna State.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

    S. G. Adamu

  2. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

    S. G. Adamu, J. Kabir & J. U. Umoh

  3. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

    M. A. Raji

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  1. S. G. Adamu
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  2. J. Kabir
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Correspondence to S. G. Adamu.

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The experiment was carried out according to the care and use of experimental animals’ protocol and was approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ethics and Research Committee, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Adamu, S.G., Kabir, J., Umoh, J.U. et al. Seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever (Coxiellosis) in cattle herds in Maigana and Birnin Gwari agro-ecological zone of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Trop Anim Health Prod 50, 1583–1589 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1598-3

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