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Preparation and evaluation of chicken embryo-adapted fowl adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine in broiler chickens

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Abstract

The current study was planned to develop an efficient vaccine against hydropericardium syndrome virus (HSV). Currently, formalin-inactivated liver organ vaccines failed to protect the Pakistan broiler industry from this destructive disease of economic importance. A field isolate of the pathogenic hydropericardium syndrome virus was adapted to chicken embryos after four blind passages. The chicken embryo-adapted virus was further serially passaged (12 times) to get complete attenuation. Groups of broiler chickens free from maternal antibodies against HSV at the age of 14 days were immunized either with 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine or commercially formalized liver organ vaccine. The antibody response, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group immunized with the 16th passage attenuated HSV vaccine compared to the group immunized with liver organ vaccine at 7, 14, and 21 days post-immunization. At 24 days of age, the broiler chickens in each group were challenged with 103.83 embryo infectious dose50 of pathogenic HSV and were observed for 7 days post-challenge. Vaccination with the 16th passage attenuated HSV gave 94.73% protection as validated on the basis of clinical signs (5.26%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (5.26%), histopathological lesions in the liver (1.5 ± 0.20), and mortality (5.26%). The birds inoculated with liver organ vaccine showed significantly low (p < 0.05; 55%) protection estimated on the basis of clinical signs (40%), gross lesions in the liver and heart (45%), histopathological lesions in the liver (2.7 ± 0.72), and mortality (35%). Birds in the unvaccinated control group showed high morbidity (84%), mortality (70%), gross (85%), and histopathological lesions (3.79 ± 0.14) with only 10% protection. In conclusion, this newly developed HSV vaccine proved to be immunogenic and has potential for controlling HSV infections in chickens.

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Abbreviations

HPS:

Hydropericardium syndrome

HSV:

Hydropericardium syndrome virus

FAV-4:

Fowl adenovirus 4

CAM:

Chorioallantoic membrane

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Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the financial support from the Pakistan Science Foundation under the project PSF #P-AU/Bio (367) entitled “Preparation of an in-vitro passaged live attenuated hydro-pericardium syndrome virus (local isolates) vaccine” is greatly appreciated. The authors are also thankful to the director of the Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology for providing facilities for the present study. Technical assistance of Dr. Faisal Saeed Awan is highly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Khalid Mansoor, Iftikhar Hussain & Muhammad Arshad

  2. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Ghulam Muhammad

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  1. Muhammad Khalid Mansoor
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  2. Iftikhar Hussain
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  3. Muhammad Arshad
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  4. Ghulam Muhammad
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Correspondence to Muhammad Khalid Mansoor.

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Mansoor, M.K., Hussain, I., Arshad, M. et al. Preparation and evaluation of chicken embryo-adapted fowl adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 43, 331–338 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9694-z

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