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Boron in Tribology: From Borates to Ionic Liquids

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Abstract

Boron compounds are widely used in a range of tribological applications such as friction modifiers, antioxidants, antiwear additives, and in many cases as environmentally friendly lubricants. The chemical nature and structure of boron compounds provide multifunctionality. They are used as (1) solid lubricants such as boric acid and hexagonal boron nitride, (2) liquid lubricants such as ionic liquids, (3) lubricant additives such as borate derivatives of various organic and inorganic compounds, and (4) coatings such as cubic boron nitride and different metal borides. Boron is also one of the most favorable elements for coatings and thin films in biotribological and biomedical applications. This review outlines the growing role of boron in lubrication over the past several decades, summarizes the main findings, and identifies future challenges related to boron chemistry.

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Abbreviations

DTP:

Dithiophosphate

B-DTP:

Boron-based dialkyldithiophosphate

Zn-BuDTP:

O,O′-Di-n-butyl-dithiophosphato-zinc(II)

ZnDTP:

O,O′-Dialkyl-dithiophosphato-zinc(II)

DTC:

Dithiocarbamate

B-DTC:

Boron-based dithiocarbamate

MoDTC:

Molybdenum dithiocarbamate

BO:

Base oil

PAO:

Poly-alpha-olefin

B2O3 :

Boric oxide

BN:

Boron nitride

H3BO3 :

Boric acid

DOB-DTP:

S-(di-n-octoxyboron)-O,O′-di-n-octyldithiophosphate

DPB-EDTP:

S-(di-n-pentylborate)-Ethyl-O,O′-di-n-pentyldithiophosphate

DOB-EDTP:

S-(di-n-octylborate)-Ethyl-O,O′-di-n-octyldithiophosphate

DDB-EDTP:

S-(di-n-decylborate)-Ethyl-O,O′-di-n-decyldithiophosphate

HE-BzDTC:

S-Hydroxyethyl-N,N′-dibenzyldithiocarbamate

DBB-EBzDTC:

S-(di-n-butyl-borate)-Ethyl-N,N′-dibenzyldithiocarbamate

DOB-EBzDTC:

S-(di-n-octyl-borate)-Ethyl-N,N′-dibenzyldithiocarbamate

cTMDTC-EDOB:

cyclo-N,N-Tetramethylenedithiocarbamato-S-ethyl-di-n-octyl-borate

DOB-EEDTC:

S-(di-n-octyl-borate)-Ethyl-N,N′-di-n-ethyldithiocarbamate

WSD:

Wear scar diameter

DLC:

Diamond-like carbon

ILs:

Ionic liquids

RTILs:

Room temperature ionic liquids

HF:

Hydrofluoric acid

hf-BILs:

Halogen-free chelated orthoborate ionic liquids

[BMB]− :

Bis(mandelato)borate anion

[BScB]− :

Bis(salicylato)borate anion

[BOB]− :

Bis(oxalato)borate anion

[BMLB]− :

Bis(malonato)borate anion

[P4,4,4,8]+ :

Tributyloctylphosphonium cation

[P4,4,4,14]+ :

Tributyltetradecylphosphonium cation

[P6,6,6,14]+ :

Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium cation

[EMIm]+ :

1-Ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium cation

[PF6]− :

Hexafluorophosphate anion

[BF4]− :

Tetrafluoroborate anion

[NTf2]− :

Bis[trifluoromethylsulfonyl]imide anion

XPS:

X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy

EDS:

Energy dispersive spectroscopy

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

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Acknowledgments

The financial support provided by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Foundation in memory of J. C. and Seth Kempe, the Swedish Government Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), and Luleå University of Technology is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden

    Faiz Ullah Shah & Oleg N. Antzutkin

  2. Machine Design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden

    Sergei Glavatskih

  3. Department of Mechanical Construction and Production, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium

    Sergei Glavatskih

  4. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

    Oleg N. Antzutkin

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  1. Faiz Ullah Shah
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Shah, F.U., Glavatskih, S. & Antzutkin, O.N. Boron in Tribology: From Borates to Ionic Liquids. Tribol Lett 51, 281–301 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-013-0181-3

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