Abstract
Euterpe edulis Martius, commonly known as juçara, has high economic value because its palm heart is considered a delicacy and its fruit, which is rich in antioxidants, is considered a “super fruit”. Because this endangered species can only be propagated via the seminiferous route, we aimed to analyze somatic embryogenesis of stem explants from E. edulis seedlings in response to their polarity and the type and concentration of growth regulators. Immature seeds were collected from a selected matrix in Pedra Menina (ES/MG, Brazil) and germinated in vitro. Six-month-old seedlings were segmented into four explants based on their polarity, and placed in culture medium supplemented with 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 450 or 600 µM picloram (PIC). After induction, the explants were transferred to maturation medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.53 µM) and 2-isopentenyladenine (12.3 µM) and two maturation times (30 and 60 days) were evaluated, subsequently, being transferred to MS medium without growth regulators, for embling conversion, and in substrate for acclimatization. After 60 days of induction, proembryos appeared asynchronously directly from the stem segments. The PIC concentrations of 150, 200 and 450 µM resulted in more embryogenic centers in the apical growth region or stele, with a greater number of proembryos (12.75) at the 150 µM concentration. Upon transfer to maturation medium, a large number of somatic embryos and masses were observed at both times. The polarity of the explants did not influence their embryogenic induction, and all four stem segments could be used for somatic embryogenesis following treatment with 150 µM PIC. A large number of somatic embryos were generated during later stages of maturation. It is recommended to remove the explants from the maturation medium after 30 days to avoid oxidation. 20% of somatic embryos are converted into emblings and proceed to acclimatization.
Key message
Somatic embryogenesis occurs directly and the polarity of the explants does not influence the number of somatic embryos generated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ayil-Gutiérrez B, Galaz-Ávalos RM, Peña-Cabrera E, Loyola-Vargas VM (2013) Dynamics of the concentration of IAA and some of its conjugates during the induction of somatic embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. Plant Signal Behav 8(11):e26998. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.26998
Barroso MES, Oliveira BG, Pimentel EF, Pereira PM, Ruas FG, Andrade TU, Lenz D, Scherer R, Fronza M, Ventura JA, Vaz BG, Kondratyuk TP, Romão W, Endringer DC (2019) Phytochemical profile of genotypes of Euterpe edulis Martius–juçara palm fruits. Food Res Int 116:985–993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.036
Biazotto KR, Mesquita SLM, Neves BV, Braga ARC, Tangerina MMP, Vilegas W, Mercadante AZ, Rosso VV (2019) Brazilian bidiversity fruits: discovering bioactive compounds from underexplored sources. J Agric Food Chem 67(7):1860–1876. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05815
Calabuig-Serna A, Camacho-Ferández C, Mir R, Porcel R, Carrera E, López-Díaz I, Sequí-Simarro JM (2021) Quantitative and qualitative study of endogenous and exogenous growth regulators in eggplant (Solanum melongena) microspore cultures. Plant Growth Regul 96:345–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-021-00780-y
Fehér A (2015) Somatic embryogenesis—stress-induced remodeling of plant cell fate. Biochim Biophys Acta 1849(4):385–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.005
Fehér A, Pasternak TP, Dudits D (2003) Transition of somatic plant cells to an embryogenic state. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 74:201–228. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024033216561
Ferreira JCB, Silva-Cardoso IMA, Meira RO, Scherwinski-Pereira JE (2022a) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from zygotic embryos of the palm tree Euterpe precatoria Mart. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 148:667–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02227-2
Ferreira JCB, Silva-Cardoso IMA, Meira RO, Costa FHS, Scherwinski-Pereira JE (2022b) Towards development of an efficient somatic embryogenesis protocol for the palm tree Euterpe precatoria (Mart.) from leaf tissues of adult plants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 58:750–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-022-10310-8
Freitas EO, Monteiro T, Nogueira GF, Scherwinski-Pereira JE (2016) Somatic embryogenesis from immature and mature zygotic embryos of the açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea): induction of embryogenic cultures, morphoanatomy and its morphological characteristics. Sci Hortic 212:126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.044
Guerra MP, Handro W (1988) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in embryo cultures of Euterpe edulis mart.(palmae) Plant Cell Rep 7(7):550–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00272754.
Guerra MP, Handro W (1998) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in different organs of Euterpe edulis Mart. (Palmae): control and structural features. J Plant Res 111(1):65–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02507151
Luis ZG, Scherwinski-Pereira JE (2014) An improved protocol for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) from mature zygotic embryos. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 118:485–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0500-x
Ledo AS, Lameira OA, Benbadis AK, Menezes IC, Oliveira MSP, Medeiros Filho S (2002) Somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of Euterpe oleracea Mart. Rev Bras Frutic 24(3):601–603. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-29452002000300004
Karnovsky MJ (1965) A formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 27:137–138. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1604673
Krikorian AD, Simola LK (1999) Totipotency, somatic embryogenesis, and Harry Waris (1893–1973). Physiol Plant 105:348–355. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105221.x
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15(3):473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Mazri MA, Meziani R, Belkoura I, Elmaataoui S, Mokhless B, Nour S (2019) Maturation and germination of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) somatic embryos. Not Sci Biol 11(1):86–93. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb11110403
Mello T, Rosa TLM, Simoes IM, Lima PAM, Anjos BB, Araujo CP, Hegedus CEN, Santos HO, Otoni WC, Alexandre RS, Lopes JC (2021) Reserve mobilization and in vitro germination of Euterpe edulis (Martius) seeds at different maturation stages. Trees 36:415–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-021-02216-6
O‘Brien TP, McCully ME (1981) The study of plant structure principles and select methods. Termarcarphi Pty, Melbourne, p 45
Oliveira LB, Mello T, Araujo CP, Oliveira JPB, Ferreira A, Zanardo TEC, Vieira LM, Otoni WC, Alexandre RS, Carvalho VS (2022) Morphoanotomical aspects of auxin herbicides-induced somatic embryogenesis in Euterpe edulis Martius, a symbol and threatened species of the Atlantic Forest. Sci Hortic 299:111051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111051
Phillips GC, Garda M (2019) Plant tissue culture media and practices: an overview. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 55:242–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-09983-5
R Core Team (2023) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.rproject.org/ Accessed 26 April 2023
Reinert J (1959) Über die kontrolle der morphogenese und die induktion von adventivembryonen an gewebekulturen aus karotten. Planta 53:318–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01881795
Rocha DI, Kurczyńska E, Potocka I, Steinmacher DA, Otoni WC (2016) Histology and histochemistry of somatic embryogenesis. In: Loyola-Vargas V, Ochoa-Alejo N (eds) Somatic embryogenesis: fundamental aspects and applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0_26
Saldanha CW, Martins-Corder MP (2012) In vitro germination and embryogenic competence acquisition of Euterpe edulis Martius immature zygotic embryos. Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol 12(3):171–178. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-70332012000300002
Sharma SK, Millam S (2004) Somatic embryogenesis in Solanum tuberosum L.: a histological examination of key developmental stages. Plant Cell Rep 23:115–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-004-0814-y
Saldanha CW, Martins-Corder MP, Steinmacher DA, Guerra MP (2006) In vitro morphogenesis in zygotic embryos and leaf sheaths of Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecaceae). Crop Breed Appl Biotechnol 6(3):228–235. https://doi.org/10.12702/1984-7033.v06n03a07
Scherwinski-Pereira JE, Guedes RS, Silva RA, Fermino JR, Luis ZG, Freitas EO (2012) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea). Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 109(3):501–508. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-012-0115-z
Schulz M, Borges GDSC, Gonzaga LV, Seraglio SKT, Olivo IS, Azevedo MS, Nehring P, Gois JS, Almeida TS, Vitali L, Spudeit DA, Micke GA, Borges DLG, Fett R (2015) Chemical composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) during ripening. Food Res Int 77(2):125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.006
Schulz M, Borges GSC, Gonzaga LV, Costa ACO, Fett R (2016) Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Mart.): sustainable exploitation of a source of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 89(1):14–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2016.07.027
Schulz M, Brugnerotto P, Seraglio SKT, Gonzaga LV, Borges GSC, Costa ACO, Fett R (2021) Aliphatic organic acids and sugars in seven edible ripening stages of juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius). J Food Compost Anal 95:103683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103683
Steward FC, Mapes MO, Mears K (1958) Growth and organized development of cultured cells. II. Organization in cultures grown from freely suspended cells. Am J Bot 45:705–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/2439728
Sun J, Qi L, Li C (2013) Hormonal control of polar auxin transport. In: Chen R, Baluška F (eds) Polar auxin transport. Springer, Berlin, pp 119–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35299-7_6
Von Arnold S, Sabala I, Bozhkov P, Dyachok J, Filonova L (2002) Developmental pathways of somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Tissue Org Cult 69(1):233–249. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015673200621
West MA, Harada J (1993) Embryogenesis in higher plants: an overview. Plant Cell 5:1361–1369. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.5.10.1361
Wang HC, Chen JT, Chang WC (2006) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf, root and stem-derived callus cultures of Areca catechu. Biol Plant 50:279–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-006-0020-6
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES) for funding and Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
Funding
This study was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES) (EDITAL FAPES/CNPq N° 05/2017—PRONEM—PROGRAMA DE APOIO A NÚCLEOS EMERGENTES. The agreement was registered with SICONV under n° 794009/2013, Process FAPES n° 72660945), and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Finance code 308365/2019-4).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
TM: investigation, methodology, writing—review, and editing. LC and CH: writing, review, and editing. ES and AF: formal analysis. WO: supervision, writing—original draft, writing—review, and editing. RA: conceptualization, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition,writing—original draft, writing—review, and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Communicated by Ewa Grzebelus.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
de Mello, T., Correia, L.N.F., Hegedus, C.E.N. et al. Cell reprogramming via direct somatic embryogenesis in an Atlantic Forest species vulnerable to extinction: Euterpe edulis stem segments induced with picloram. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 154, 131–140 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02521-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02521-7