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Bridging EUV and White-Light Observations to Inspect the Initiation Phase of a “Two-Stage” Solar Eruptive Event

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Abstract

The initiation phase of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is a very important aspect of solar physics, as these phenomena ultimately drive space weather in the heliosphere. This phase is known to occur between the photosphere and low corona, where many models introduce an instability and/or magnetic reconnection that triggers a CME, often with associated flaring activity. To this end, it is important to obtain a variety of observations of the low corona to build as clear a picture as possible of the dynamics that occur therein. Here, we combine the EUV imagery of the Sun Watcher using Active Pixel System Detector and Image Processing (SWAP) instrument onboard the Project for Onboard Autonomy (PROBA2) with the white-light imagery of the ground-based Mark-IV K-coronameter (Mk4) at Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) to bridge the observational gap that exists between the disk imagery of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the coronal imagery of the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Methods of multiscale image analysis were applied to the observations to better reveal the coronal signal while suppressing noise and other features. This allowed an investigation into the initiation phase of a CME that was driven by a rising flux-rope structure from a “two-stage” flaring event underlying an extended helmet streamer. It was found that the initial outward motion of the erupting loop system in the EUV observations coincided with the first X-ray flare peak and led to a plasma pile-up of the white-light CME core material. The characterized CME core then underwent a strong jerk in its motion, as the early acceleration increased abruptly, simultaneously with the second X-ray flare peak. The overall system expanded into the helmet streamer to become the larger CME structure observed in the LASCO coronagraph images, which later became concave-outward in shape. Theoretical models for the event are discussed in light of these unique observations, and it is concluded that the formation of either a kink-unstable or torus-unstable flux rope may be the likeliest scenario.

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Notes

  1. http://alshamess.ifa.hawaii.edu/CORIMP/ .

  2. http://www.cosmo.ucar.edu/kcoronagraph.html .

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by SHINE grant 0962716 and NASA grants NNX08AJ07G and NNX13AG11G to the Institute for Astronomy. SWAP is a project of the Centre Spatial de Liége and the Royal Observatory of Belgium funded by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO). Mk4 data is provided by courtesy of the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory, operated by the High Altitude Observatory, as part of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. The SOHO/LASCO data used here are produced by a consortium of the Naval Research Laboratory (USA), Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie (Germany), Laboratoire d’Astronomie (France), and the University of Birmingham (UK). SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. SDO data supplied is a courtesy of the NASA/SDO consortia. The authors thank the anonymous referee for their helpful comments. JPB is grateful to have been a PROBA2 Guest Investigator.

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  1. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    J. P. Byrne & S. R. Habbal

  2. Sefydliad Mathemateg a Ffiseg, Prifysgol Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Cymru, SY23 3BZ, UK

    H. Morgan

  3. Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium

    D. B. Seaton

  4. Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7450, USA

    H. M. Bain

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Byrne, J.P., Morgan, H., Seaton, D.B. et al. Bridging EUV and White-Light Observations to Inspect the Initiation Phase of a “Two-Stage” Solar Eruptive Event. Sol Phys 289, 4545–4562 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-014-0585-8

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