Abstract
In recent studies the issue of the relatedness between journal impact factors and other measures of journal impact have been raised and discussed from both merely empirical and theoretical perspectives. Models of the underlying citation processes suggest distributions with two or more free parameters. Proceeding from the relation between the journals’ mean citation rate and uncitedness and the assumption of an underlying Generalised Waring Distribution (GWD) model, it is found that the journal impact factor alone does not sufficiently describe a journal’s citation impact, while a two-parameter solution appropriately reflects its main characteristics. For the analysis of highly cited publications an additional model derived from the same GWD is suggested. This approach results in robust, comprehensible and interpretable solutions that can readily be applied in evaluative bibliometrics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I. A. (1964), Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover Publications, New York.
Allison, P. (1980), Inequality of scientific productivity, Social Studies of Science, 10: 163–179.
Burrell, Q. L. (2005), The use of the generalized Waring process in modelling informetric data. Scientometrics, 64(3): 247–270.
Egghe, L. (2008), The mathematical relation between the impact factor and the uncitedness factor. Scientometrics, 76(1): 117–123.
Garfield, E., Sher, I. H. (1963). New factors in the evaluation of scientific literature through citation indexing. American Documentation, 14(3): 195–201.
Garfield, E. (1972), Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation. Science, 178: 471–479.
Glänzel, W., Telcs, A., Schubert, A. (1984), Characterization by truncated moments and its application to Pearson-type distributions. Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete, 66: 173–183. (Correction: Probab. Th. Rel. Fields, 74 (1987) 317.)
Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (1985), Price distribution. An exact formulation of Price’s “Square Root Law”. Scientometrics, 7(3–6): 211–219.
Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (1988), Theoretical and empirical studies of the tail of scientometric distributions. In: L. Egghe, R. Rousseau (Eds), Informetrics 87/88, Elsevier Science Publisher B. V., pp. 75–83.
Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (1988), Characteristic scores and scales in assessing citation impact. Journal of Information Science, 14: 123–127.
Glänzel, W. (1990), Some consequences of a characterization theorem based on truncated moments. Statistics, 21(4): 613–618.
Glänzel, W. (1994), IrWin — A characterization tool for discrete distributions under Windows, In: R. Dutter, W. Grossmann (Eds): Short Communications in Computational Statistics, Proceedings of COMPSTAT’ 94, Vienna (Austria), 22–26 August 1994, pp. 199–200.
Glänzel, W., Schoepflin, U. (1994), A stochastic model for the ageing analyses of scientific literature, Scientometrics, 30(1): 49–64.
Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (1995), Predictive aspects of a stochastic model for citation processes. Information Processing & Management, 31(1): 69–80.
Glänzel, W., Moed, H. F. (2002), Journal impact measures in bibliometric research. Scientometrics, 53(2):171–193.
Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (2003), A new classification scheme of science fields and subfields designed for scientometric evaluation purposes. Scientometrics, 56(3): 357–367.
Glänzel, W. (2008), On some new bibliometric applications of statistics related to the h-index. Scientometrics, 77(1): 187–196.
Hirsch, J. E. (2005), An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46): 16569–16572. (also available at: arXiv:physics/0508025, accessible via http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0508025).
Irwin, J. O. (1975), The generalized Waring distribution. Part I, II, III. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A, 138: 18–31, 204–227, 374–384.
Johnson, N. L., Kotz, S. (1969), Distributions in Statistics: Discrete Distributions. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Johnson, N. L., Kotz, S. (1977). Urn Models and Their Application. Wiley, New York.
Mitrinović, D. S. (with Vasić, P. M.) (1970), Analytic Inequalities. Springer-Verlag, New York-Berlin.
Moed, H. F., Van Leeuwen, Th. N., Reedijk, J. A. (1999), Towards appropriate indicators of journal impact. Scientometrics, 46(3): 575–589.
Schubert, A. Glänzel, W. (1983), Statistical reliability of comparisons based on the citation impact of scientific publications. Scientometrics, 5(1): 59–74.
Schubert A., Glänzel, W. (1984), A dynamic look at a class of skew distributions. A model with scientometric applications. Scientometrics, 6(3): 149–167.
Schubert, A., Glänzel, W. (2007), A systematic analysis of Hirsch-type indices for journals. Journal of Informetrics, 1(3): 179–184.
Sichel, H. S. (1992), Anatomy of the generalized inverse Gaussian-Poisson distribution with special applications to bibliometric studies. Information Processing & Management, 28(1): 5–17.
Telcs, A., Glänzel, W., Schubert, A. (1985), Characterization and statistical test using truncated expectations for a class of skew distributions. Mathematical Social Sciences, 10: 169–178.
Todorov, R., Glänzel, W. (1988), Journal citation measures: A concise review, Journal of Information Science, 14(1): 47–56.
Van Leeuwen, Th. N., Moed, H. F. (2005), Characteristics of journal impact factors: the effects of uncitedness and citation distribution on the understanding of journal impact factors. Scientometrics, 63(2): 357–371.
Xekalaki, E. (1983), The univariate generalized Waring distribution in relation to accident theory — proneness, spells or contagion. Biometrics, 39(4): 887–895.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Glänzel, W. The multi-dimensionality of journal impact. Scientometrics 78, 355–374 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-008-2166-9
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-008-2166-9