Abstract
An electron-emitting source generating a low-energy beam measuring 1–3 cm in diameter, with current up to 300 A, pulse duration within 50–200 µs, and pulse repetition frequency up to 10 Hz is investigated in a gas-filled diode with a mesh plasma cathode at the accelerating voltage up to 25 kV. The beam is transported in a longitudinal pulsed magnetic field to a distance of up to 30 cm towards the region of its interaction with a solid. For the current densities up to 100 A/cm2, it provides the power density as high as 10–100 J/cm2 sufficient to melt surfaces of metals, alloys, and composite (metalloceramic) materials within one or a few pulses. This makes this beam useful for modification of material surfaces and articles made thereof. Using the methods of optical, scanning and diffraction electron microscopy, by building micro-and nanohardness profiles, and via identification of the treated surface roughness, the phase composition and the substructure state of the materials subjected to pulsed low-energy e-beam of sub-millimeter durations are investigated. Formation of submicro-and nanocrystalline multi-phase structure is observed, which ensures a multiple increase in physico-mechanical and tribological characteristics of the treated material.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yu. I. Golovin, Introduction into Nanoengineering [in Russian], Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye (2007).
Nanomaterials Handbook (Ed. Y. Gogotsi). Boca Raton, London, New York, Taylor & Francis Group (2006).
J. W. Martin and R. D. Doherty, Stability of Microstructure in Metallic Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-London-New York-Melbourne (1976).
V. I. Itin, B. A. Koval’, and N. N. Koval, Rus. Phys. J., No. 6, 470–475 (1985).
Yu. F. Ivanov, V. P. Rotshtein, D. I. Proskurovsky, et. al., Surface and Coating Technology, 125, Nos. 1–3 (2000).
V. A. Gribkov, F. I. Grigoriev, B. A. Kalin, and V. L. Yakushev, Promising Beam-Irradiation Processes for Material Modification [in Russian], Moscow, Kruglyi God (2001).
Yu. F. Ivanov, V. P. Rotshtein, R. Gunzel and N. Shevchenko, Surface and Coating Technology, 150, (2002).
V. Engelko, B. Yatsenko, G. Mueller, and H. Bluhm, Vacuum, 62, Nos. 2–3 (2001).
RF Patent No. 2259407, 2259407 C1, C21D 9/22, 1/09 (2005) V. E. Ovcharenko, S. G. Psahie, D. I. Proskurovsky, and G. E. Ozur.
I. M. Goncharenko, V. I. Itin, S. V. Isichenko, et al., Zaschita Met., 29, No. 5, 18–21 (1993).
V. N. Devyatkov, N. N. Koval’, and P. M. Schanin, Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 53, No. 9, 1846–1848 (1983).
V. N. Devyatkov, N. N. Koval’, and P. M. Schanin, Rus. Phys. J., No. 9, 937–946 (2001).
N. N. Koval’, N. S. Sochugov, V. N. Devyatkov, et al., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav., Fiz., No. 8, Suppl., 51–54 (2006).
V. N. Devyatkov, N. N. Koval’, P. M. Schanin, et al., Laser and Particle Beams, 21, 243–248 (2003).
Yu. F. Ivanov, N. N. Koval’, and V. E. Ovcharenko, Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav., Chernaya Metallurg., No. 12, 59–60 (2007).
Yu. F. Ivanov, N. N. Koval’, and V. E. Ovcharenko, in: Proc. XIII Int. Scientific School-Workshop on Physics of Pulsed Discharges in Condensed Media, August 21–25, 2007, Ukraine, Nikolaev (2007).
Yu. F. Ivanov and N. N. Koval’, Structure and Properties of Promising Metallic Materials (Ed. A. I. Potekaev), Tomsk, NTL Publishers (2007).
V. E. Ovcharenko, Yu. F. Ivanov, and Baohai Yu, Perspektivn. Materialy, September, 450–455 (2007).
S. V. Grigoriev, Yu. F. Ivanov, N. N. Koval’, et al., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav. Fiz., No. 8, Suppl., 307–310 (2006).
S. V. Grigoriev., Yu. F. Ivanov., N. N. Koval’, and V. E. Ovcharenko, et al., in: Proc. V Int. Sci. Conf. Radiation-Thermal Effects and Processes in Inorganic Materials, Tomsk, Russsia, July 28–August 4, Tomsk, 2006.
RF Patent No. 2093309, A Wear-Resiatant Coating and a Method of its Formation, Russia, 6 B 22 F 7/04, B 32 B 7/02, V. E. Ovcharenko, V. E. Panin, A. A. Pribytkov, and A. A. Golubev. Patent Application of 22.06.1993, Patent published 20.10.1997, Bull. No.29.
I. S. Miroshnichenko, Hardening from Liquid State [in Russian], Moscow, Metallurgiya (1982).
N. N. Koval’, Yu. F. Ivanov, S. V. Grigoriev, et al., in: Proc. XIII Int. Scientific School-Workshop on Physics of Pulsed Discharges in Condensed Media, August 21–25, 2007, Ukraine, Nikolaev (2007).
N. N. Koval’, Yu. F. Ivanov, S. V. Grigoriev, et al., in: Proc. Kharkov Nanotechnological Assembley, 2, Thin Films in Optics and Nanoelectronics, Kharkov, Kontrast (2006).
S. V. Grigoriev, N. N. Koval’, Yu. F. Ivanov, et al., Plasma Emission Electronics, in: Proc. II Intern. Kreindel Workshop, Ulan Ude, June 17–24, 2006, Ulan Ude (2006).
Yu. F. Ivanov, V. N. Devyatkov, S. V. Grigoriev, et al., in Proc. IV Intern. Sci. Conf. Radiation-Thermal Effects and Processes in Inorganic Materials, Tomsk (2004).
Yu. F. Ivanov, V. P. Rotstein, and P. V. Orlov, Fiz. Khim. Org. Mat., No. 5 (1999).
Yu. F. Ivanov, V. P. Rotshtein, D. I. Proskurovsky, and P. V. Orlov, Surface and Coating Technology, 1, No. 125 (1–3) (2001).
S. Gnyusov, S. Tarasov, Yu. Ivanov, and V. Rothstein, Wear, 257, 97–103 (2004).
N. N. Koval’, Yu. F. Ivanov, Yu. A. Kolubaeva, et al., Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zav. Fiz., No. 10/3, 41–46 (2007).
M. G. Hocking, V. Vasantasree, and P. S. Sidky, Metallic and Ceramic Coatings. Production, High Temperature Properties and Applications, New York Longman Group UK Limited (1989).
N. G. Scott, J. Mater. Sci., 10, 1527–1535 (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
__________
Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 60–70, May, 2008.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Koval’, N.N., Ivanov, Y.F. Nanostructuring of surfaces of metalloceramic and ceramic materials by electron-beams. Russ Phys J 51, 505–516 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-008-9073-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-008-9073-7