Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Production of a major stilbene phytoalexin, resveratrol in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and peanut products: a mini review

  • Mini-Review
  • Published:
Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a major stilbene phytoalexin, resveratrol is produced or elicited in several plant species as a part of defense systems protecting plants against diseases. Resveratrol can be present in both the trans- and cis-isomeric forms, and only the trans-form increases the life expectancy and lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases as the most bioactive form. In addition to the usages for diet and industry, peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) and peanuts are getting higher attention due to their containment of resveratrol in the kernels and other parts of peanut plant, such as leaves, roots, and peanut shell. Recently, natural resveratrol derived from peanuts has also become a promising nutraceutical agent, promoting human health. Resveratrol has also been detected in peanut products including peanut butters, roasted peanuts, and boiled peanuts. Although, smaller and immature peanuts contain higher levels of resveratrol than mature peanuts, resveratrol in peanuts can also be preserved by cooking or manufacturing processes. Moreover, the amount of resveratrol in peanut plants and peanuts has been found to increase by external stimuli including microbial infection, wounding, UV light irradiation, ultrasonication, yeast extract treatment and by plant stress hormones. In addition, molecular level analysis has confirmed that four resveratrol synthase (RS) genes (RS1, RS2, RS3 and RS4) which catalyze synthesis of resveratrol have been identified in peanuts, and up-regulation of the genes is positively correlated to the increased contents of resveratrol. In this review, we summarize the natural biosynthesis of resveratrol in peanuts and peanut plants, as well as the occurrence of this natural phytoalexin in various peanut products. A brief knowledge on the biosynthetic pathway of resveratrol synthesis has been described. This review also deals on highlighting the effect of various external stimuli (biotic and abiotic stresses) in order to achieve the maximum induction and/or elicitation of resveratrol in peanuts and peanut plants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aguamah GE, Langcake P, Leworthy DP, Page JA, Pryce RJ, Strange RN (1981) Two novel stilbene phytoalexins from Arachis hypogaea. Phytochemistry 20(6):1381–1383

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arora MK, Strange RN (1991) Phytoalexin accumulation in groundnuts in response to wounding. Plant Sci 78:157–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Austin MB, Bowman ME, Ferrer JL, Schroder J, Noel JP (2004) An aldol switch discovered in Stilbene synthases mediates cyclization specificity of type III polyketide synthases. Chem Biol 11:1179–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baur J, Sinclair DA (2006) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol, the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Disc 5:493–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bavaresco L, Vezzulli S, Battilani P, Giorni P, Pietri A, Bertuzzi T (2003) ffect of ochratoxin A-producing Aspergilli on stilbenic phytoalexin synthesis in grapes. J Agric Food Chem 51:6151–6157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen RS, Wu PL, Chiou RYY (2002) Peanut roots as a source of resveratrol. J Agric Food Chem 50:1665–1667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chukwumah Y, Walker L, Verghese M, Bokanga M, Ogutu S, Alphonse K (2007) Comparison of extraction methods for the quantification of selected phytochemicals in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea). J Agric Food Chem 55:285–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chukwumah Y, Walker L, Vogler B, Verghese M (2012) Profiling of bioactive compounds in cultivars of Runner and Valencia peanut market-types using liquid chromatography/APCI mass spectrometry. Food Chem 132:525–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung IM, Park MR, Rehman S, Yun SJ (2001) Tissue specific and inducible expression of resveratrol synthase gene in peanut plants. Mol Cells 12(3):353–359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chung IM, Park MR, Chun JC, Yun SJ (2003) Resveratrol accumulation and resveratrol synthase gene expression in response to abiotic stresses and hormones in peanut plants. Plant Sci 164:103–209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Condori J, Sivakumar G, Hubstenberger J, Dolan MC, Sobolev VS, Medina-Bolivar F (2010) Induced biosynthesis of resveratrol and the prenylated stilbenoids arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 in hairy root cultures of peanut: effects of culture medium and growth stage. Plant Physiol Biochem 48(5):310–318

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon R (2001) Natural products and plant disease resistance. Nature 411:843–847

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorner JW, Cole RJ, Sanders TH, Blankenship PD (1989) Interrelationship of kernel water activity, soil temperature, maturity, and phytoalexin production in pre harvest aflatoxin contamination of drout-stressed peanuts. Mycopathologia 105:117–128

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankel E, Waterhouse A, Kinsella J (1993) Inhibition of human LDL oxidation by resveratrol. Lancet 34:1103–1104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzemeier KH, Kindl H (1981) Coordinate induction by UV light of stilbene synthase, phenylalanine ammonialyase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase in leaves of Vitaceae. Planta 151:48–52

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzemeier KH, Rolfs CH, Pfau J, Kindl H (1983) Action of ultraviolet-C on stilbene formation in callus of Arachis hypogaea. Planta 159:25–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ibern-Go’mez M, Roig-Pe’rez S, Lamuela-Ravento’s RM, de La Torre-Boronat MC (2000) Resveratrol and piceid levels in natural and blended peanut butters. J Agric Food Chem 48:6352–6354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ingham JL (1976) 3(5), pp. 4’-Trihydroxystilbene as a phytoalexin from ground nuts (A. hypogaea). Phytochem 15:1791–1793

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeandet P, Bessis R, Sbaghi M, Meunier P (2008) Production of the phytoalexin resveratrol by grapes as a response to Botrytis attack under natural conditions. J Phytopathol 143:135–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keen NT (1975) The isolation of phytoalexins from germinating seeds of Cicer arietinum, Vigna sinensis, Arachis hypogaea and other plants. Phytopathology 65:91–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JS, Lee SY, Park SU (2008) Resveratrol production in hairy root culture of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. transformed with different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains. African. J Biotechnol 7(20):3788–3790

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JA, Baek KH, Son YM, Son SH, Shin H (2009) Hairy root cultures of Taxus cuspidata for enhanced production of Paclitaxel. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 52(2):144–150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiselev KV (2011) Perspectives for production and application of resveratrol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 90(2):417–425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo-His W, Yu-Hsuan L, Ju-Chun C, Tin-Fu K, Shyi-Liang S, Chiou RYY (2005) Germination of peanut kernels to enhance resveratrol biosynthesis and prepare sprouts as a functional vegetable. J Agric Food Chem 53:242–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo-Lung K, Chang PS, Cheng YC, Lien CY (2005) Production of stilbenoids from the callus of Arachis hypogaea: a novel source of the anticancer compound piceatannol. J Agric Food Chem 53:3877–3881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Landcake P, Pryce RJ (1976) The production of resveratrol by Vitis vinifera and other members of the Vitacee as a response to infection or injury. Physiol Plant Pathol 9:77–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanz T, Schroder G, Schroder J (1990) Differential regulation of genes for resveratrol synthase in cell cultures of Arachis hypogaea L. Planta 181:169–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee SS, Lee SM, Kim M, Chun J, Cheong YK, Lee J (2004) Analysis of trans-resveratrol in peanuts and peanut butters consumed in Korea. Food Res Inter 37:247–251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YY, Kwon SH, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Yang EJ, Kim SK, Yoon YH, Kim CG, Park JW, Song KS (2009) Isolation of oleanane triterpenes and tran-resveratrol from the root of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea). J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 52:394–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu CD, Wen YY, Chiou JM, Wang KH, Chiou RYY (2003) Comparative characterization of peanuts grown by aquatic floating cultivation and field cultivation for seed and resveratrol production. J Agric Food Chem 51:1582–1585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maria L, Francisco DL, Resurreccion AVA (2009) Development of a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) procedure for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds in peanut skin extracts. Food Chem 117:356–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin N, Vesentini D, Rego C, Monteiro S, Oliveira H, Ferreira RB (2009) Phaeomoniella chlamydospora infection induces changes in phenolic compounds content in Vitis vinifera. Phytopathol Mediterr 48:101–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Medina-Bolivar F, Condori J, Rimando AM, Hubstenberger J, Shelton K, O’Keefe SF, Bennett S, Dolan MC (2007) Production and secretion of resveratrol in hairy root cultures of peanut. Phytochemistry 68:1992–1993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nepote V, Grosso NR, Guzman CA (2004) Radical scavenging activity of extracts of Argentine peanut skins (Arachis hypogaea) in relation to its trans-resveratrol content. An Asoc Quim Argent 92(4–6):41–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nonomura S, Kanagawa H, Makimoto A (1963) Chemical constituents of Polygonaceous plants. I. studies on the components of Ko-jo-kon. (Polygonum cuspidatum SIEB et ZUCC). Yakugaku Zasshi 83:988–990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pae SB, Ha TJ, Lee MH, Hwang CD, Shim KB, Park CH, Park KY, Baek IY (2011) Evaluation of characteristics of peanut sprout using Korean cultivars. Korean J Crop Sci 56(4):394–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paul B, Chereyathmanjiyil A, Masih I, Chapuis L, Benoêt A (1998) Biological control of Botrytis cinerea causing grey mould disease of grapevine and elicitation of stilbene phytoalexin (resveratrol) by a soil bacterium. FEMS Microbiol Lett 165:65–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potrebko I, Resurreccion AVA (2009) Effect of ultraviolet doses in combined ultraviolet-ultrasound treatments on trans-resveratrol and trans-piceid contents in sliced peanut kernels. J Agric Food Chem 57:7750–7756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ragab A, Fleet J, Jankowski VB, Park J, Bobzin S (2006) Detection and quantitation of resveratrol in tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). J Agric Food Chem 54:7175–7179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roldan A, Palacios V, Caro I, Rez LP (2003) Resveratrol content of Palomino fino grapes: influence of vintage and fungal infection. J Agric Food Chem 51:1464–1468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rolfs CH, Schon H, Kindl H (1987) Cell-suspension culture of Arachis hypogaea L.: model system of specific enzyme induction in secondary metabolism. Planta 172:238–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roupe K, Remsberg C, Yanez J, Davies N (2006) Pharmacometrics of stilbenes: seguing towards the clinic. Curr Clin Pharm 1:81–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rudolf JR, Resurreccion AVA (2005) Elicitation of resveratrol in peanut kernels by application of abiotic stresses. J Agric Food Chem 53:10186–10192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sales JM, Resurreccion AVA (2009) Maximising resveratrol and piceid contents in UV and ultrasound treated peanuts. Food Chem 11(7):674–680

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sales JM, Resurreccion AVA (2010) Phenolic profile, antioxidants, and sensory acceptance of bioactive-enhanced peanuts using ultrasound and UV. Food Chem 122:795–803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders TH, McMichael RW (1997) Occurrence of resveratrol in edible peanuts. In: Book of abstracts. American Chemical Society, Las Vegas (Abstr. AGFD 214:233)

  • Sanders TH, McMichael RW, Hendrix KW (2000) Occurrence of resveratrol in edible peanuts. J Agric Food Chem 48:1243–1246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands DW (1982) Peanut marketing. Peanut Sci Technol (Pattee HE, Young CT (eds) APRES, Yoakum TX, pp 737–753).

  • Schroder G, Brown JWS, Schroeder J (1988) Molecular analysis of resveratrol synthase. cDNA, genomic clones and relationship with chalcone synthase. Eur J Biochem 172:161–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seo SJ, Lee SS, Chun J, Lee HB, Lee J (2005) Optimization for the post–harvest induction of trans-resveratrol in raw peanuts. IFT Annual Meeting New Orleans, Louisiana

  • Shanks JV, Morgan J (1999) Plant ‘hairy root’ culture. Curr Opin Biotechnol 10(2):151–155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siemann E, Creasy L (1992) Concentration of the phytoalexin resveratrol in red wine. Am J Enol Vitic 43:49–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev VS (2008) Localized production of phytoalexins by peanut (Arachis hypogaea) kernels in response to invasion by Aspergillus species. J Agric Food Chem 56:1949–1954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev VS, Cole RJ (1999) Trans-resveratrol content in commercial peanuts and peanut products. J Agric Food Chem 47:1435–1439

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev VS, Cole RJ, Dorner JW, Yagen B (1995) Isolation, purification, and liquid chromatographic determination of stilbene phytoalexins in peanuts. J AOAC Inter 78:1177–1182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sobolev VS, Potter TL, Horn BW (2006) Prenylated stilbenes from peanut root mucilage. Phytochem Anal 17:312–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soleas GJ, Diamandis EP, Goldberg DM (1997) Resveratrol: a molecule whose time has come? and gone? Clin Biochem 30(2):91–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takaoka MJ (1940) Of the phenolic substances of white hellebore (Veratrum grandiflorum Loes. fil.). J Faculty Sci Hokkaido Imperial Univ 3:1–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang K, Zhan JC, Yang HR, Huang WD (2010) Changes of resveratrol and antioxidant enzymes during UV-induced plant defense response in peanut seedlings. J Plant Physiol 167:95–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tokusoglu LZ, Mustafa KUN, Fadim Y (2005) Determination of the phytoalexin resveratrol (3,5,4′-Trihydroxystilbene) in peanuts and pistachios by high-performance liquid chromatographic diode array (HPLC-DAD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). J Agric Food Chem 53:5003–5009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vezzuli S, Battilani P, Bavaresco L (2007) Stilbene-synthase gene expression after Aspergillus carbonarius infection in grapes. Am J Enol Vitic 58:1132–1134

    Google Scholar 

  • Vidhyasekaran P, Lalithakumari D, Govindaswamy CV (1972) Production of a phytoalexin in groundnut due to storage fungi. Indian Phytopathol 25:240–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu J, Lin L (2002) Ultrasound-induced stress responses of Panax ginseng cells: enzymatic browning and phenolics production. Biotechnol Prog 18:862–866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang MH, Kuo CH, Hsieh WC, Ku KL (2010) Investigation of microbial elicitation of trans-resveratrol and trans-piceatannol in peanut callus led to the application of chitin as a potential elicitor. J Agric Food Chem 58:9537–9541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshihiro O, Iwao S (2003) Trans-resveratrol content in seeds and seed coats of Japanese peanut cultivars and that in peanut products. J Jpn Soc Food Sci Technol 50(12):570–573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu J, Ahmedna M, Goktepe I (2005) Effects of processing methods and extraction solvents on concentration and antioxidant activity of peanut skin phenolics. Food Chem 90(1–2):199–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zorzete P, Reis TA, Felicio JD, Baquiao AC, Makimoto P, Correa B (2011) Fungi, mycotoxins and phytoalexin in peanut varieties, during plant growth in the field. Food Chem 129:957–964

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant from Systems and Synthetic Agro-biotech Center through Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (PJ008034), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Republic of Korea

    M. Mohidul Hasan, Mijeong Cha, Vivek K. Bajpai & Kwang-Hyun Baek

Authors
  1. M. Mohidul Hasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mijeong Cha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vivek K. Bajpai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kwang-Hyun Baek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Vivek K. Bajpai or Kwang-Hyun Baek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hasan, M.M., Cha, M., Bajpai, V.K. et al. Production of a major stilbene phytoalexin, resveratrol in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and peanut products: a mini review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 12, 209–221 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9294-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-012-9294-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation