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The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis pathogenesis

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Abstract

FGF21 is a peptide hormone that regulates homeostasis of lipid and glucose as well as energy metabolism. It is mainly expressed and secreted in liver and adipose tissues, and it is expressed in lower amounts in the aorta. Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate increased serum FGF21 levels in atherosclerosis patients. Also, FGF21 therapy has been reported to reduce the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models and in vitro studies. Moreover, growing evidence indicates that administration of exogenous FGF21 induces anti-atherosclerotic effects, because of its ability to reduce lipid profile, alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Therefore, FGF21 can not only be considered as a biomarker for predicting atherosclerosis, but also induce protective effects against atherosclerosis. Besides, serum levels of FGF21 increase in various diseases including in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity, which may be related to initiating and exacerbating atherosclerosis. On the other hand, FGF21 therapy significantly improves lipid profiles, and reduces vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis related diseases. Therefore, further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether FGF21 can be used as a prognostic biomarker to identify individuals at future risk of atherosclerosis in these atherosclerosis-associated diseases. In this review, we will discuss the possible mechanism by which FGF21 protects against atherosclerosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

    Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari, Ansar Karimian & Hadi Parsian

  2. Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

    Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari & Ansar Karimian

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Vahid Rameshknia

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Vahid Rameshknia

  5. Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ata Mahmoodpour

  6. Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Ata Mahmoodpour

  7. Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

    Maryam Majidinia

  8. Faculty of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mahmood Maniati

  9. Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Bahman Yousefi

  10. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Bahman Yousefi

  11. Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran

    Bahman Yousefi

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  1. Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari
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Farzane Shanebandpour Tabari and Ansar Karimian equally first author

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Tabari, F.S., Karimian, A., Parsian, H. et al. The roles of FGF21 in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 20, 103–114 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09488-x

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