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ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Is Located in the Plastid and Cytosol in the Pulp of Tropical Banana Fruit (Musa acuminata)

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Abstract

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key enzyme of starch synthesis in seeds, tubers and fruits. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme of sucrose metabolism in the cytosol while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a marker enzyme of the amyloplast that keeps the production of ADPG by removing PPi. Unripe banana accumulates starch in the pulp during development, while ripe fruits are characterized by the accumulation of soluble sugars. The aim of the study was to compare starch granule structure, carbohydrate levels, subcellular location and activities of three enzymes: AGPase, UGPase and ALP. Protein extracts from the cytosolic and amyloplastidial fractions were obtained from the pulp of banana fruit at three developmental stages (11, 16 and 21 weeks after flowering) and analyzed by electrophoresis and immunodetection. Protein profiles were similar during ripening, showing a main electrophoretic band at 50–55 kDa. Higher protein content was found in the cytosolic than in the amyloplastidial fraction. Starch granules and ALP activity were enriched in the amyloplast, whereas AGPase showed a subcellular distribution similar to UGPase. Immunoblot analysis also confirmed the presence of AGPase in both cytosol and amyloplast. AGPase activity was higher in the cytosol than in the amyloplast. Both AGPase activity and western blot band intensity were highest at 16 weeks. UGPase activity was highest at 21 weeks. We conclude that cytosolic production of ADP-glucose is not an exclusive feature of cereal endosperms due to plant breeding, but it also occurs in fruits of non-domesticated plants such as tropical banana (Musa acuminata). This work increases our understanding about pyrophosphorylase activities in the pulp of banana fruit.

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Abbreviations

AGPase:

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

ALP:

Alkaline phosphatase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BCIP-T NBT:

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate/nitro blue tetrazolium

Circ:

Circumference

LS:

Large subunits

G6PDH:

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

NADP:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NaDPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced

PGM:

Phosphoglucomutase

SS:

Small subunits

TBS-T:

Tris-buffered saline with Tween 20

UGPase:

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

UTP:

Uridine triphosphate

WAIE:

Weeks after inflorescence emergence

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the economic support from SIP-IPN, EDI-IPN CONACYT-México and COFAA-IPN. ESB also acknowledges the scholarship from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT México). This work was also partially supported by CONACYT grants to ATF. We acknowledge support from the National Laboratory PlanTECC, Problemas Nacionales and Infraestructura. We further acknowledge initial funding grants by SAGARPA through CIMMYT and the MasAgro initiative. We thank Dr. Andres Estrada Luna for technical support in the lab and the greenhouse.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CEPROBI, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico

    Elizabeth Solis-Badillo, Edith Agama-Acevedo & Luis A. Bello-Perez

  2. Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Mexico

    Axel Tiessen

  3. Laboratorio Nacional PlanTECC, Irapuato, Mexico

    Axel Tiessen

  4. Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico

    Jose A. Lopez Valenzuela

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  1. Elizabeth Solis-Badillo
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  2. Edith Agama-Acevedo
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  3. Axel Tiessen
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  4. Jose A. Lopez Valenzuela
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  5. Luis A. Bello-Perez
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Correspondence to Edith Agama-Acevedo.

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Solis-Badillo, E., Agama-Acevedo, E., Tiessen, A. et al. ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Is Located in the Plastid and Cytosol in the Pulp of Tropical Banana Fruit (Musa acuminata). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 75, 76–82 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00788-w

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