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Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops

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Abstract

The contemporary global agriculture is beset with serious threats from diverse eco-environmental conditions causing decreases in crop yields by ~ 15%. These yield losses might increase further due to climate change scenarios leading to increased food prices triggering social unrest and famines. Urbanization and industrialization are often associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs) especially atmospheric CO2 concentration [(CO2)]. Increase in atmospheric [CO2] significantly improved crop photosynthesis and productivity initially which vary with plant species, genotype, [CO2] exposure time and biotic as well as abiotic stress factors. Numerous attempts have been made using different plant species to unravel the physiological, cellular and molecular effects of elevated [CO2] as well as drought. This review focuses on plant responses to elevated [CO2] and drought individually as well as in combination with special reference to physiology of photosynthesis including its acclimation. Furthermore, the functional role of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and its relation to photosynthetic acclimation and crop productivity under elevated [CO2] and drought are reviewed. In addition, we also discussed different strategies to ameliorate the limitations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation and RuBP regeneration. Further, improved stomatal and mesophyll conductance and NUE for enhanced crop productivity under fast changing global climate conditions through biotechnological approaches are also discussed here. We conclude that multiple gene editing approaches for key events in photosynthetic processes would serve as the best strategy to generate resilient crop plants with improved productivity under fast changing climate.

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Abbreviations

AAP:

Amino acid permease

AlaAT:

Alanine aminotransferase

AQPs:

Aquaporins

ASN:

Aspartate synthase

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

CAO:

Chlorophyllide a oxygenase

CCM:

CO2 concentrating mechanism

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats

DHAP:

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

DS:

Drought susceptible

DT:

Drought tolerant

ECEs:

Extreme climatic events

FACE:

Free air CO2 enrichment

FBPase:

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

G3P:

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

GHGs:

Greenhouse gases

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

LHC:

Light-harvesting complex

MIPs:

Membrane intrinsic proteins

NR:

Nitrate reductase

NRT:

Nitrate transporter

NSCs:

Non-structural carbohydrates

NUE:

Nitrogen use efficiency

O3 :

Ozone

PGA:

Phasphoglyceric acid

PRK:

Phasphoribulokinase

PS:

Photosystem

RCs:

Reaction centers

RuBP:

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate

SBPase:

Sedoheptulose-1,7- bisphosphatase

T6P:

Trehalose -6-phosphate

TK:

Transketolase

WUE:

Water use efficiency

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Acknowledgements

K.M. Sekhar is grateful to DSKPDF scheme, UGC, New Delhi, India for fellowship (BL/17-18/0304). K.V. R is thankful to National Academy of Sciences, India (NASI) for the award of Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship.

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  1. Center for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India

    Kalva Madhana Sekhar, Vamsee Raja Kota, T. Papi Reddy & K. V. Rao

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India

    Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy

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Sekhar, K.M., Kota, V.R., Reddy, T.P. et al. Amelioration of plant responses to drought under elevated CO2 by rejuvenating photosynthesis and nitrogen use efficiency: implications for future climate-resilient crops. Photosynth Res 150, 21–40 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-020-00772-5

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