Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by seed biopriming with salinity tolerant isolates of Trichoderma harzianum

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity. This work investigated the potential of five ST isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (Th-13, Th-14, Th-19, Th-33 and Th-50) applied through seed biopriming in reducing the detrimental effects of salinity stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Growth, physiological and biochemical parameters were studied to characterize salt tolerance. One factor was treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6) and second factor was four levels of salt stress viz., 0, 2, 4 and 6 dsm−1. In germination test, most of the isolates (Th-14, Th-19 and Th-13) were effective in improving germination percentage and reducing RPG during salinity stress. Seedlings raised from ST Trichoderma isolates had significantly higher root and shoot lengths, CC and MSI than control at all stress levels. The treatments Th-14, Th-19 and Th-13 showed lower accumulation of MDA content whereas proline content and phenolics were higher in treated plants under both non-saline and saline conditions. Highest MDA content was observed in control at salt stress level of 6 dSm−1. It is concluded that seed biopriming with different salinity tolerant isolates of Trichoderma reduced severity of the effects of salinity though the amelioration was better in Th-14 under present experimental material and conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ST:

Salinity tolerant

RPG:

Reduction percentage of germination

CC:

Chlorophyll content

MSI:

Membrane stability index

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

References

  • Afzal I, Basra SMA, Farooq M, Nawaz A (2006) Alleviation of salinity stress in spring wheat by hormonal priming with ABA, salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Int J Agri Biol 8:23–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akbar M, Ponnamperuma FN (1982) Saline soil of South and Southeast Asia potential rice lands. In: Riche Strategies for the Future. IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines, pp 265-281

  • Alam MZ, Stuchbury T, Naylor REL, Rashid MA (2004) Effect of salinity on growth of some modern rice cultivars. J Agron 3:1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arora DK, Elander RP, Mukherji KG (1992) In: Fungal biotechnology. Handbook of applied mycology. Markel Dekker, New York, p 4

  • Ashraf M, O’leary JM (1997) Ion distribution in leaves of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of spring wheat under salt stress. Acta Bot Neerl 46:207–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailly C, Benamar A, Corbineau F, Cone D (1996) Changes in malondialdehyde content and in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities in sunflower seeds as related to deterioration during accelerated aging. Physiol Plant 97:104–110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes JD, Balaguer L, Manrigue E, Elivira S, Davison AW (1992) A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction of chlorophyll a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environ Exp Bot 32:85–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bates LS, Waldron RP, Teare ID (1973) Rapid determination of free proline in water stress studies. Plant Soil 29:205–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bear FE (1965) Chemistry of the soil. Oxford IBH Publishing, New Delhi, p 501

    Google Scholar 

  • Benitez T, Rincon AM, Limon MC, Codon AC (2004) Biocontrol mechanisms of Trichoderma strains. Int Microbiol 7:249–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohnert HJ, Jensen RG (1996) Strategies for engineering water stress tolerance in plants. Trends Biotechnol 14:89–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bor M, Ozdemir F, Turkan I (2003) The effect of salt stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in leaves of sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. and wild beet Beta maritime L. Plant Sci 164:77–84

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Botia P, Navarro JM, Cerda A, Martinez V (2005) Yield and fruit quality of two melon cultivars irrigated with saline water at different stage of development. Eur J Agron 23:243–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardona R, Rodriguez H (2006) Effects of Trichoderma harzianum fungus on the incidence of the charcoal rot disease on sesame. Rev Fac Agron (LUZ) 23:42–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Dionisio-Sese ML, Tobita S (1998) Antioxidant responses of rice seedlings to salinity stress. Plant Sci Limerick 135:1–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey SK, Maurya IZ (2003) Studies on heterosis and combining ability in bottle gourd. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 63:148–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Gachomo EW, Kotchoni SO (2008) The use of T. harzianum and T. viride as potential biocontrol agents against peanut microflora and their effectiveness in reducing aflatoxin contamination of infected kernels. Biotechnology 7:439–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gadallah MAA (1999) Effect of proline and glycine-betaine on Vicia faba in response to salt stress. Biol Plant 42:247–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg BK, Gupta IC (1997) Plant relations to salinity. In: Saline wastelands environment and plant growth. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, pp 79–121

  • Ghoulam C, Ahmed F, Khalid F (2002) Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environ Exp Bot 47:39–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez KA, Gomez AA (1984) Statistical procedures for agricultural research. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenway H, Munns H (1980) Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 31:149–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grieve CM, Suarez DL (1997) Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): a halophytic crop for drainage water reuse systems. Plant and Soil 192:277–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hadas A (1977) Water uptake and germination of leguminous seeds in soils of changing matrix and osmotic water potential. J Exp Bot 28:977–985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamada AM, EL-Enany AE (1994) Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum 36:75–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harman GE (2006) Overview of mechanisms and uses of Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 96:190–194

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harman GE, Howell CR, Vitarbo A, Chet I, Lorito M (2004) Trichoderma species –opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nature Rev Microbiol 2:43–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heath RL, Packer L (1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts: Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 125:189–198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez JA, Mullineaux P, Sevilla F (2000) Tolerance of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to long term stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defences. Plant Cell Environ 23:853–862

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoitink HAJ, Madden LV, Dorrance AE (2006) Systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma spp.: Interactions between the host, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, and soil organic matter quality. Phytopathology 96:186–189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hong ZL, Lakkineni K, Zhang ZM, Verma DPS (2000) Removal of feedback inhibition of delta (1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase results in increased proline accumulation and protection of plants from osmotic stress. Plant Physiol 122:1129–1136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howell CR (2003) Mechanisms employed by Trichoderma species in the biological control of plant diseases: the history and evolution of current concepts. Plant Dis 87:4–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaya C, Higgs D, Ince F, Amador BM, Cakir A, Sakar E (2003) Ameliorative effects of potassium phosphate on salt stressed pepper and cucumber. J Plant Nutr 26:807–820

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MH, Panda SK (2008) Alterations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars under NaCl-salinity stress. Acta Physiol Plant 30:91–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Lapina LP, Popov BA (1970) Effect of sodium chloride on photosynthetic apparatus of tomatoes. Fiziologiya Rastenii 17:580–584

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lazof DB, Bernstein N (1998) The NaCl induced inhibition of shoot growth: the case of disturbed nutrition with special consideration of calcium nutrition. Adv Bot Res 29:113–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madidi SE, Baroudi BE, Aameur FB (2004) Effects of salinity on germination and early growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Int J Agric Biol 6:767–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Mass EV, Hoffman GJ (1977) Crop salt tolerance -current assessment. J Irrig Drain 103:115–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Meloni DA, Oliva AA, Martinez ZA, Cambraia J (2003) Photosynthesis and activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase in cotton under salt stress. Environ Exp Bot 49:69–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Munns R, Termaat A (1986) Whole plant responses to salinity. Aust J Plant Physiol 13:143–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann PM (1995) The role of cell wall adjustment in plant resistance to water deficits. Crop Sci 35:1258–1266

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao GG, Rao GR (1981) Pigment composition and chlorophyllase activity in pigeon pea (Cajanus indicus Spreng) and gingelley (Sesamum indicum L.) under NaCl salinity. Indian J Exp Biol 19:768–770

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roundy BA (1985) Root penetration and shoot elongation of tall wheatgrass and basin wild rye in relation to salinity. Can J Plant Sci 65:335–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarin MN, Narayanan A (1968) Effects of soil salinity and growth regulators on germination and seedling metabolism in wheat. Physiol Pl 21:1201–1209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scandalios JG (1993) Oxygen stress and superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol 101:7–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman JR, Critchley C (1985) Effects of salt stress on the growth, ion content, stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic capacity of a salt-sensitive species, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Planta 164:151–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Segarra G, Van der Ent S, Trillas I, Pieterse CMJ (2009) MYB72, a node of convergence in induced resistance in induced systemic resistance triggered by a fungal and a bacterial beneficial microbe. Plant Biol 11:90–96

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shiqing S, Shirong G, Qingmao S, Zhigang Z (2006) Physiological effects of exogenous salicylic acid on cucumber seedling under salt stress. Acta Hortic Sin 33:68–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh AK, Dubey RS (1995) Changes in chlorophyll a and b contents and activities of photosystems 1 and 2 in rice seedlings induced by NaCl. Photosynthetica 31:489–499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh US, Zaidi NW, Joshi D, Varshney S, Khan T (2003) Current status of Trichoderma as a biocontrol agent. In: Ramanujam B, Rabindra RJ (eds) Current status of biological control of plant diseases using antagonistic organisms in India. Project Directorate of Biological Control, Bangalore, pp 13–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Smirnoff N, Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry 28:1057–1060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thimmaiah SK (1999) Standard methods of biochemical analysis. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, p 545

    Google Scholar 

  • Villa-Castorena M, Ulery AL, Valencia EAC, Remmenga MD (2003) Division S-4-soil fertility and plant nutrition. Soil Sci Soc Am J 67:1781–1789

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villora G, Pulgar G, Moreno DA, Romero L (1998) Plant nitrogen characteristics of a semi-salt- tolerant zucchini variety to sodium chloride treatments. J Plant Nutr 21:2343–2355

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yeo AR, Yeo ME, Flowers TJ (1990) Screening of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for physiological characters contributing to salinity resistance, and their relationship to overall performance. Theor Appl Genet 79:337–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng L, Poss JA, Wilson C, Draz A, Gregorio GB, Grieve CM (2003) Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by physiological characters. Euphytica 129:281–292

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Thanks are due to P.C. Srivastava and N.W. Zaidi for their suggestions in the conduct of the study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Advance Faculty Training, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, 263 145, Uttarakhand, India

    Laxmi Rawat, Y. Singh, N. Shukla & J. Kumar

Authors
  1. Laxmi Rawat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Y. Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. Shukla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Kumar.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Hans Lambers.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rawat, L., Singh, Y., Shukla, N. et al. Alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by seed biopriming with salinity tolerant isolates of Trichoderma harzianum . Plant Soil 347, 387–400 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0858-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0858-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation