Plant Molecular Biology (2024) 114:40.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-024-01440-1.

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Evolutionary history of plastid genes in Cuscuta

Massive gene loss was detected in Cuscuta, being consistent with previous studies (McNeal et al. 2007a, b; McNeal et al. 2009; Braukmann et al. 2013; Banerjee and Stefanović, 2019, 2020) (Supplementary Fig. S2).

Notably, the clade C. erosa–C. strobilacea in C. subgen. Grammica explosively lost a series of photosynthesis-related genes, suggesting this subgenus is undergoing continuous and gradual evolutionary changes, with increased disruption of evolutionary stasis (McNeal et al. 2007a; Braukmann et al. 2013; Banerjee and Stefanović 2019, 2020).

Most gene loss and or pseudogenization showed signifcant phylogenetic signals (Supplementary Table S2), which indicates that gene loss and pseudogenization have strong relatedness among species. Hence, related Cuscuta species shared the same pattern in gene loss and plastome degradation (McNeill et al. 2007a; Braukmann et al. 2013).