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The genus Casearia: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview

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Abstract

Casearia (Salicaceae sensu lato) species have been used as folk medicines in South American and Asian countries since ancient times. Previous phytochemical screenings demonstrated that the Casearia plants mainly contain clerodane diterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and other constituents from different chemical classes. The pharmacological studies confirmed that the crude extracts or individual compounds from the genus showed cytotoxic, hypoglycemic, antiulcer, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as anti-snake venom property. In this review we presented a summary of the secondary metabolites isolated from Casearia species based on the published literatures through May 2013. In addition to the traditional medicinal use of Casearia plants and their taxonomic characteristics, we focused on the known biological activities of the plants and discussed them in detail here.

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Abbreviations

A375:

Skin malignant cell line

A549:

Human lung tumor cell line

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-di-3′-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate

Ach:

Acetylcholine

AchE:

Acetylcholinesterase

APG:

The angiosperm phylogeny group

ATPase:

Adenosine triphosphatase

BC1:

Human breast cancer cell line

CD50 :

The concentration of the substance inhibiting cell growth by 50 %

DLD-1:

Human colon cancer cell line

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DU-145:

Prostate cancer cell line

ED50 :

The median effective dose

EMS:

Ethyl methanesulfonate

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

H460:

Lung cancer cell line

HCT-8:

Human colon tumor cell line

HDL:

High density lipoprotein

HeLa:

Human cervical carcinoma cell line

Hep59T/VGH:

Human liver carcinoma cell line

HepG2:

Hepatocyte carcinoma cell line

HL-60:

Human leukemia cell line

3-HMX:

3-Hydroxymethyl xylitol

HS27:

Human normal foreskin cell line

HT29:

Colon tumor cell line

HTC:

Hepatoma tissue culture

IC50 :

The half maximal inhibitory concentration

ICAM-1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

IFN:

Interferon

IGDE:

Isobutyl gallate-3,5-dimethyl ether

J774:

Murine macrophages

KB:

Human oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line

L-6:

Rat myoblast-derived cells

LC50 :

The median lethal dose

LD50 :

Median lethal dose

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol

LFA-1:

Leukocyte function antigen 1

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MCF-7:

Human breast cancer cell line

MDA-MB-231:

Breast tumor cell line

MDA-MB-435:

Human melanoma

ME:

Methanol extract

Med:

Human medulla cancer cell line

MeOH:

Methyl alcohol

MGDE:

Methyl gallate-3,5-dimethyl ether

MIC:

Minimum inhibition concentration

MRC-5:

Human diploid embryonic lung cells

NCI-ADR/RES:

Human ovarian-resistant cell line

NCI-H187:

Human lung cancer cell line

NCI-H460:

Human lung cancer cell line

NK:

Natural killer (cells)

NTPDase:

Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases

OVCAR-3:

Human ovarian cancer cell line

P388:

Mouse lymphocytic leukemia cell line

PC12 cell line:

A cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla

PC3:

Human prostate cancer cell line

PDE I:

Phosphodiesterase I

PLA2 :

Phospholipase A2

PND:

Phrenic nerve-diaphragm

SAR:

Structure–activity relationship

STZ:

Streptozotocin

TBARS:

Hiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TG:

Triglyceride

TGI:

Total growth inhibition

TRAIL:

Tumor necrosis factor-R-related apoptosis-inducing ligand

TSP:

Total suspended particulate

U251:

Human glioma cell line

UACC-62:

Human melanoma

VLDL:

Very low density lipoprotein

VLDL-C:

Very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol

V-79:

Chinese hamster V-79 cells

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Acknowledgments

This paper was supported by the Scientific Research Starting Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education, China (2013-07).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China

    Li Xia, Qiang Guo, Pengfei Tu & Xingyun Chai

  2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510520, China

    Li Xia

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Correspondence to Pengfei Tu or Xingyun Chai.

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Li Xia and Qiang Guo have contributed equally to this study.

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Xia, L., Guo, Q., Tu, P. et al. The genus Casearia: a phytochemical and pharmacological overview. Phytochem Rev 14, 99–135 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-014-9336-6

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