Abstract
An ultra-thin metamaterial absorber (MMA) comprises of a split-ring-cross (SRC)-shaped resonator coupled with graphene and dielectric layer backed by metallic ground plane is presented theoretically and numerically for hepta-band applications. The proposed absorber demonstrates multiple absorption peaks at 2.33, 5.24, 7.74, 8.25, 10.05, 10.97, and 12.61 THz with average absorption of more than 96%. The physical mechanism of the hepta-band absorption is analyzing by electric field distribution and attributed to the combination of dipolar and LC resonance. Furthermore, the effect of geometric parameters is analyzed to validate the optimal selection of the structural parameters. In addition, the proposed MMA is analyzed for different incident and polarization angles suggesting that absorption response is insensitive to polarization angles. Compared with the previously reported MMAs, the proposed design is ultra-thin (0.036λ) and compact (0.21λ) at the lowest operational frequency. The absorptivity at 12.61 THz is 99.81% and the corresponding quality (Q) factor is 31.52 for a bandwidth of 0.40 THz. The proposed absorber can be potentially utilized in detection, sensing, and imaging. Moreover, the sensing performance of the proposed MMA has been investigated using overlayer thickness and overlayer permittivity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and materials
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.
References
Bhattacharya, A., Bhattacharyya, S., Ghosh, S., Chaurasiya, D., Vaibhav Srivastava, K.: An ultrathin penta-band polarization-insensitive compact metamaterial absorber for airborne radar applications. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 57, 2519–2524 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.29365
Bhattacharyya, S., Ghosh, S., Vaibhav Srivastava, K.: Triple band polarization-independent metamaterial absorber with bandwidth enhancement at X-band. J. Appl. Phys. 114, 094514 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4820569
Cai, W., Chettiar, U.K., Kildishev, A.V., Shalaev, V.M.: Optical cloaking with metamaterials. Nat. Photonics 1, 224–227 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.28
Chaurasiya, D., Ghosh, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhattacharya, A., Srivastava, K.V.: Compact multi-band polarisation-insensitive metamaterial absorber. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 10, 94–101 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2015.02200
Chen, M., Sun, W., Cai, J., Chang, L., Xiao, X.: Frequency-tunable terahertz absorbers based on graphene metasurface. Opt. Commun. 382, 144–150 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.07.077
Chen, F., Cheng, Y., Luo, H.A.: Broadband tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber based on single-layer complementary gammadion-shaped graphene. Materials 13, 860 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040860
Deng, R., Li, M., Muneer, B., Zhu, Q., Shi, Z., Song, L., Zhang, T.: Theoretical analysis and design of ultrathin broadband optically transparent microwave metamaterial absorbers. Materials (Basel) 11, 107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11010107
Ding, F., Cui, Y., Ge, X., Jin, Y., He, S.: Ultra-broadband microwave metamaterial absorber. Appl. Phys. Lett. 100, 103506 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3692178
Fan, Y.: Dual-band perfect light absorber in visible region based on cylinder silicon resonator. Optik 179, 1084–1090 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.10.023
He, X.J., Yan, S.T., Ma, Q.X., Zhang, Q.F., Jia, P., Wu, F.M., Jiang, J.X.: Broadband and polarization-insensitive terahertz absorber based on multilayer metamaterials. Opt. Commun. 340, 44–49 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2014.11.068
He, J.W., Wang, X.K., Xie, Z.W., Xue, Y.Z., Wang, S., Zhang, Y.: Reconfigurable terahertz grating with enhanced transmission of TE polarized light. APL Photonics 2, 076102 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4986505
Hu, D., Wang, H., Tang, Z., Zhang, X., Zhu, Q.: Design of four-band terahertz perfect absorber based on a simple #-shaped metamaterial resonator. Appl. Phys. A Mater. Sci. Process. 129, 1–7 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-016-0357-4
Huang, H., Xia, H., Xie, W., Guo, Z., Li, H., Xie, D.: Design of broadband graphene-metamaterial absorbers for permittivity sensing at mid-infrared regions. Sci. Rep. 8, 1–10 (2018a). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22536-x
Huang, X., Lu, C., Rong, C., Liu, M.: Wide-angle perfect metamaterial absorbers based on cave-rings and the complementary patterns. Opt. Mater. Express 8, 2520–2531 (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1364/ome.8.002520
Jain, P., Thourwal, A., Sardana, N., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Singh, A.K.: I-shaped metamaterial antenna for X-band applications. In: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (2017)
Jain, P., Thourwal, A., Bansal, S., Gupta, N., Kumar, S., Singh, A.K., Samanta, S., Sardana, N.: T-Shaped resonator for x-band applications. In: IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and RF Conference, IMaRC 2017 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/IMaRC.2017.8449678
Jain, P., Garg, S., Singh, A.K., Bansal, S., Prakash, K., Gupta, N., Singh, A.K., Sharma, N., Kumar, S., Sardana, N.: Dual band graphene based metamaterial absorber for terahertz applications. In: 2018 IEEE 13th Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference, NMDC 2018 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/NMDC.2018.8605833
Jain, P., Bansal, S., Prakash, K., Sardana, N., Gupta, N., Kumar, S., Singh, A.K.: Graphene-based tunable multi-band metamaterial polarization-insensitive absorber for terahertz applications. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 31, 11878–11886 (2020a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03742-8
Jain, P., Singh, A., Pandey, J., Garg, S., Bansal, S., Agarwal, M., Kumar, S., Sardana, N., Gupta, N., Singh, A.: Ultra-thin metamaterial perfect absorbers for single/dual/multi-band microwave applications. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 14, 390–396 (2020b). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2019.0623
Jain, P., Singh, A.K., Pandey, J.K., Bansal, S., Sardana, N., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Singh, A.K.: An ultrathin compact polarization-sensitive triple-band microwave metamaterial absorber. J. Electron. Mater. 50(3), 1506–1513 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08680-z
Kalraiya, S., Chaudhary, R.K., Abdalla, M.A.: Design and analysis of polarization independent conformal wideband metamaterial absorber using resistor loaded sector shaped resonators. J. Appl. Phys. 125, 134904 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5085253
Landy, N.I., Sajuyigbe, S., Mock, J.J., Smith, D.R., Padilla, W.J.: Perfect metamaterial absorber. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 207402 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.207402
Li, H., Niu, J., Wang, G.: Dual-band, polarization-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber based on monolayer graphene in the mid-infrared range. Results Phys. 13, 102313 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102313
Meng, H.Y., Wang, L.L., Zhai, X., Liu, G.D., Xia, S.X.: A simple design of a multi-band terahertz metamaterial absorber based on periodic square metallic layer with T-shaped gap. Plasmonics 13, 269–274 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-017-0509-1
Ritari, T., Ledvigsen, H., Petersen, J.C., Soreasen, T., Bjarklev, A., Hansen, T.P.: Gas sensing using air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers. Opt. Express 12, 4080–4087 (2004)
Rodrigues, S.P., Lan, S., Kang, L., Cui, Y., Cai, W.: Nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy of chiral metamaterials. Adv. Mater. 26, 6157–6162 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201402293
Senesac, L., Thundat, T.G.: Nanosensors for trace explosive detection. Mater. Today 11, 28–36 (2008)
Shelby, R.A., Smith, D.R., Schultz, S.: Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction. Science 292, 77–79 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1058847
Shen, X., Cui, T.J., Zhao, J., Ma, H.F., Jiang, W.X., Li, H.: Polarization-independent wide-angle triple-band metamaterial absorber. Opt. Express 19, 9401–9407 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.009401
Tran, C.M., Van Pham, H., Nguyen, H.T., Nguyen, T.T., Vu, L.D., Do, T.H.: Creating multiband and broadband metamaterial absorber by multiporous square layer structure. Plasmonics 14, 1587–1592 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-00953-6
Tung, N.T., Tanaka, T.: Characterizations of an infrared polarization-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber and its potential in sensing applications. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 28, 100–105 (2018)
Wang, B.X.: Quad-band terahertz metamaterial absorber based on the combining of the dipole and quadrupole resonances of two SRRs. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23, 1–7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTQE.2016.2547325
Wang, Y., Sun, T., Paudel, T., Zhang, Y., Ren, Z., Kempa, K.: Metamaterial-plasmonic absorber structure for high efficiency amorphous silicon solar cells. Nano Lett. 12, 440–445 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203763k
Wang, B.X., Wang, L.L., Wang, G.Z., Huang, W.Q., Li, X.F., Zhai, X.: Frequency continuous tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber. J. Light. Technol. 32, 1183–1189 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2014.2300094
Wang, B.X., Zhai, X., Wang, G.Z., Huang, W.Q., Wang, L.L.: Design of a four-band and polarization-insensitive terahertz metamaterial absorber. IEEE Photonics J. 7, 1–8 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2381633
Wang, B.X., Wang, G.Z., Wang, L.L., Zhai, X.: Design of a five-band terahertz absorber based on three nested split-ring resonators. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28, 307–310 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2015.2495245
Wang, F., Huang, S., Li, L., Chen, W., Xie, Z.: Dual-band tunable perfect metamaterial absorber based on graphene. Appl. Opt. 57, 6916–6922 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.006916
Watts, C.M., Liu, X., Padilla, W.J.: Metamaterial electromagnetic wave absorbers. Adv. Mater. 24, OP98–OP120 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200674
Wu, S., Li, J.: Hollow-petal graphene metasurface for broadband tunable THz absorption. Appl. Opt. 58, 3023–3028 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.003023
Xiong, H., Wu, Y.B., Dong, J., Tang, M.C., Jiang, Y.N., Zeng, X.P.: Ultra-thin and broadband tunable metamaterial graphene absorber. Opt. Express 26, 1681–1688 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.001681
Yan, D.: Tunable all-graphene-dielectric single-band terahertz wave absorber. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 52(27), 275102 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab1892
Yan, D., Li, J.: Tuning control of dual-band terahertz perfect absorber based on graphene single layer. Laser Phys. 29(4), 046203 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ab05bd
Yan, H., Li, X., Chandra, B., Tulevski, G., Wu, Y., Freitag, M., Zhu, W., Avouris, P., Xia, F.: Tunable infrared plasmonic devices using graphene/insulator stacks. Nat. Nanotechnol. 7(5), 330–334 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.59
Yan, D., Meng, M., Li, J., Li, X.: Graphene-assisted narrow bandwidth dual-band tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber. Front. Phys. 8, 306 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00306
Yi, Z., Lin, H., Niu, G., Chen, X., Zhou, Z., Ye, X., Duan, T.: Graphene-based tunable triple-band plasmonic perfect metamaterial absorber with good angle-polarization-tolerance. Results Phys. 13, 102149 (2019a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.02.085
Yi, Z., Liu, L., Wang, L., Cen, C., Chen, X., Zhou, Z., Ye, X.: Tunable dual-band perfect absorber consisting of periodic cross-cross monolayer graphene arrays. Results Phys. 13, 102217 (2019b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102217
Yoo, M., Kim, H.K., Lim, S.: Angular- and polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber using subwavelength unit cell in multilayer technology. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15, 414–417 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2015.2448720
Zeng, X., Gao, M., Zhang, L., Wan, G., Hu, B.: Design of a triple-band metamaterial absorber using equivalent circuit model and interference theory. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 60, 1676–1681 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31219
Zhai, Z., Zhang, L., Li, X., Xiao, S.: Tunable terahertz broadband absorber based on a composite structure of graphene multilayer and silicon strip array. Opt. Commun. 431, 199–202 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.09.017
Zhang, X., Liu, Z.: Superlenses to overcome the diffraction limit. Nat. Mater. 7, 435–441 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2141
Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., Zhu, B., Zhao, J., Jiang, T.: Graphene based tunable metamaterial absorber and polarization modulation in terahertz frequency. Opt. Express 22, 22743–22752 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.022743
Zhang, Q., Ma, Q., Yan, S., Wu, F., He, X., Jiang, J.: Tunable terahertz absorption in graphene-based metamaterial. Opt. Commun. 353, 70–75 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.05.017
Zhang, Y., Cen, C., Liang, C., Yi, Z., Chen, X., Li, M., Zhou, Z., Tang, Y., Yi, Y., Zhang, G.: Dual-band switchable terahertz metamaterial absorber based on metal nanostructure. Results Phys. 14, 102422 (2019a). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102422
Zhang, Y., Cen, C., Liang, C., Yi, Z., Chen, X., Tang, Y., Yi, T., Yi, Y., Luo, W., Xiao, S.: Five-band terahertz perfect absorber based on metal layer-coupled dielectric metamaterial. Plasmonics 14, 1621–1628 (2019b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-00956-3
Zhang, Y., Lv, J., Que, L., Zhou, Y., Meng, W., Jiang, Y.: A double-band tunable perfect terahertz metamaterial absorber based on Dirac semimetals. Results Phys. 15, 102773 (2019c). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102773
Zhao, L., Liu, H., He, Z., Dong, S.: Theoretical design of twelve-band infrared metamaterial perfect absorber by combining the dipole, quadrupole, and octopole plasmon resonance modes of four different ring-strip resonators. Opt. Express 26, 12838–12851 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.012838
Acknowledgements
PJ acknowledges financial support from the Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology (MeitY), Govt. of India under the Visvesvaraya Ph.D. Scheme.
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
PJ: investigation, methodology, writing-original draft preparation. KP: software. NG: supervision. NS: resources, formal analysis. SK: validation, writing—reviewing and editing. AKS: conceptualization, visualization, supervision, writing—reviewing and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
Not Applicable.
Consent to participate
Not Applicable.
Consent to publication
Not Applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jain, P., Prakash, K., Sardana, N. et al. Design of an ultra-thin hepta-band metamaterial absorber for sensing applications. Opt Quant Electron 54, 569 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03917-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03917-z