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Selected global flood preparation and response lessons: implications for more resilient Chinese Cities

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Abstract

Urban populations are rising globally, and more extreme climate events are occurring, which means more people are exposed to flood hazards such as pluvial, fluvial, coastal and compound floods. Cities located in flood-prone areas beside coasts, rivers, or both are at risk because such extreme events are often coupled with insufficient drainage capacity to offload peak discharge and withstand the surge levels. Further, the combined drivers of non-climatic factors, such as increasing urbanisation and social-economic development, and climatic drivers such as increasing extreme rainfall patterns, storms, surges, and global mean sea-level rise are unstoppable. This makes it problematic to continue to rely on improving flood protection to secure resilience. This review focuses on the lessons from recent major flood events in Europe, S Asia, E Asia, Australia, America and Africa, including the causes of the events and the post-flood responses. These responses and options are core values to understand both the importance of addressing flood resilience, by responding to floods and the explicit ways to improve risk communication among stakeholders, administration and the public which seem to be the keys to minimising flood impacts on communities. Given the continuous growth of human exposure, we suggest an urgent call for authorities to enact better flood preparation and response strategies in their flood disaster risk reduction plans and policies. This review provides implications for improving the resilience of Chinese cities and elsewhere.

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Fig. 1

Source: Xiaohui Lu and authors: adapted from Chan et al. 2021a

Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Source: Jiannan Chen, Zilin Wang and Xiaohui Lu

Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Source: China Meteorological Authority (CMA) and approved to use

Fig. 6

Source: Clamorworld: approved to use the photo

Fig. 7

(Copyright © Setagaya-Ward, Municipal Govt. Tokyo – approved to use)

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Funding

This study was funded by the Construction Project of China Knowledge Centre for Engineering Sciences and Technology (Grant No.CKCEST-2022-1-41), the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Number: 2019YFC1510400) and the National Science Foundation Program of China (Grant Number: NSFC41850410497); the Institute of Asia Pacific Studies (IAPS) research funds and the Doctoral Training Partnership and the postgraduate research fund at University Nottingham Ningbo China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Urban Environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China

    F. K. S. Chan & Zilin Wang

  2. Water@Leeds and School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    F. K. S. Chan

  3. Research Centre for Intelligent Management and Innovation Development/Research Base for Shenzhen Municipal Policy & Development, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518000, China

    F. K. S. Chan

  4. College of Geomatics, Xian University of Science and Technology, Xian, 710054, China

    Jiannan Chen & Pengfei Li

  5. Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Xiaohui Lu & Taiseer Nafea

  6. Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China

    Taiseer Nafea

  7. Department of Geography, Planning and Environment, East Carolina University, A-227 Brewster Building, Greenville, NC, 27858-4353, USA

    Burrell Montz

  8. School of Humanities, York St John University, York, YO31 7EX, UK

    Olalekan Adekola

  9. DIST, Politecnico and Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale Mattioli 39, 10125, Turin, Italy

    Alessandro Pezzoli

  10. National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, NIWA, Christchurch, New Zealand

    James Griffiths

  11. Department of Emergency Management, School of Government, Nanjing University, Shengda Building, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Yi Peng

  12. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Juanle Wang

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study design and the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. FKSC contributed as the first author, developing the idea and writing the first draft of the manuscript. WZL, JC, XL, BM, YP and JW contributed to the general design of the study and the manuscript and joined FKSC as joint correspondence authors. JC, WZL and XL contributed to the graphics and diagrams. Other all co-authors—JC, TN, OA, AP, JGH, YP, PL, and JW—contributed to the review of and edits to the concept, theory, and storyline (including the discussion and conclusion) of this manuscript.

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Correspondence to F. K. S. Chan, Zilin Wang, Jiannan Chen, Xiaohui Lu, Burrell Montz, Yi Peng or Juanle Wang.

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Chan, F.K.S., Wang, Z., Chen, J. et al. Selected global flood preparation and response lessons: implications for more resilient Chinese Cities. Nat Hazards 118, 1767–1796 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06102-x

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