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Hydrodynamic modelling and vulnerability analysis to assess flood risk in a dense Indian city using geospatial techniques

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Abstract

Urban flooding and waterlogging are causing menace in many cities around the world from the perspective of day-to-day functioning, health and hygiene, communication, and the consequent damages they cause to urban environment. The present study is an attempt to understand the urban flood risks in parts of Bhubaneswar City, India, based on its hydrodynamic set-up and level of urbanisation. The Storm Water Management Model is used for peak flow analysis, and the flooding extent has been assessed while taking into consideration the elevation, slope, land use/land cover (LULC) and design Storm Water Drain (SWD) infrastructure of the city. The micro-watersheds for each SWD are delineated using digital surface model derived from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data (1 m), and the LULC information is obtained from high-resolution optical remote sensing data. After the model simulation, it is estimated that peak runoff is relatively higher, i.e. 0.1–0.5 cumecs for a large number of micro-watersheds, even rising to more than 1.5 cumecs for some, indicating the severity of urban floods in the city. After integrating the simulated flooding pattern with the vulnerability associated with socio-economic characteristics of urban dwellers, the flood risk has been assessed. The study suggests that capacity of design SWD systems needs augmentation according to present and predicted flooding conditions for the city.

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(Source: ORSAC)

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(Data Source: IMD)

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(Data Source: IMD and IDF relation: Chow et al. 1988)

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(Data Source: Primary data collected from field)

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(Data Source: Google earth and secondary information collected from various sources and Field visits)

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Source: Census of India (2011)]

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend gratitude towards the Director, IIRS for constant encouragements towards exploring the applications of geospatial technology in understanding our environment. We also express our gratitude to National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad, India, for providing high-resolution data for the analysis; IMD, Pune for providing the rainfall data for the Bhubaneswar station and USGS for providing the Landsat TM image of the study area. We highly acknowledge the support rendered by the Drainage Division, BMC for providing information about SWD infrastructure. We also express our thankfulness to ORSAC, Bhubaneswar, for providing various thematic layers of the study area.

Funding

The research was supported by Indian Institute of Remote Sensing to purchase all the satellite and meteorological data products as well as in providing the infrastructural facilities including the laboratory and proprietary software licences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, India

    Sutapa Bhattacharjee

  2. Urban and Regional Studies Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India

    Pramod Kumar & Kshama Gupta

  3. Water Resources Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun, India

    Praveen K. Thakur

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Bhattacharjee, S., Kumar, P., Thakur, P.K. et al. Hydrodynamic modelling and vulnerability analysis to assess flood risk in a dense Indian city using geospatial techniques. Nat Hazards 105, 2117–2145 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04392-z

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