Abstract
This report presents results obtained from many years of study of the effects of prolonged adaptation to cold and noradrenaline on the spike activity of central hypothalamic and peripheral skin thermoreceptors. The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in forming adaptive changes in the regulatory characteristics of temperature homeostasis and the significance of the various components of thermoreceptor activity to the formation of effector responses are discussed. The roles of different groups of thermoreceptors in forming temperature sensations are analyzed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
N. K. Arokina and A. M. Zharnikova, “The effects of EDTA on the spike activity of cold thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the skin in conditions of profound cooling,” Fiziol. Zh. im. I. M. Sechenova, 81, No. 12, 24–30 (1995).
V. N. Gurin, V. I. Lapsha, and L. R. Streletskaya, “Changes in catecholamine contents and energy metabolism in the myocardium of rats in conditions of cold and emotional stresses,” Fiziol. Zh. SSSR, 75, No. 4, 542–547 (1989).
K. P. Ivanov, “Changes in physiological functions and their restorative mechanisms and the temperature range for life in hypothermia,” Usp. Fiziol. Nauk., 27, No. 3, 84–105 (1996).
I. S. Kandror, Notes on Human Physiology and Hygiene in the Far North [in Russian], Meditsina, Moscow (1968).
T. V. Kozyreva, “Modulation of the functional properties of skin thermoreceptors,” Neirofiziologiya, 24, No. 5, 542–552 (1992).
T. V. Kozyreva, “Relationship between the temperature sensitivity of skin cold receptors and their frequency characteristics in control and cold-adapted rats,” Byul. Sib. Otdel. Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk., No. 2, 53–57 (1994).
T. V. Kozyreva and L. A. Verkhoglyad, “Functional significance of the dynamic activity of skin receptors,” Fiziol. Zh. SSSR, 75, No. 1, 117–123 (1989).
T. V. Kozyreva and L. A. Verkhoglyad, “Cold adaptation and the structure of the thermoregulatory response in slow and rapid cooling,” Ros. Fiziol. Zh. im. I. M. Sechenova, 83, No. 11–12, 135–142 (1997).
T. V. Kozyreva and T. G. Simonova, “The modulatory influence of peripheral thermoreceptors on respiration in humans,” Vestnik. Ros. Akad. Med. Nauk, No. 9, 14–18 (1998).
T. V. Kozyreva and M. A. Yakimenko, “On the question of the temperature sensitivity of humans to cold,” Fiziol. Zh. SSSR, 64, No. 2, 220–225 (1978).
T. V. Kozyreva and M. A. Yakimenko, “The influence of cold adaptation on the spike activity of skin thermoreceptors,” Fiziol. Zh. SSSR, 65, No. 11, 1598–1602 (1979).
M. A. Burrand, M. J. Dauncey, and D. L. Ingram, “Changes in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline associated with central and peripheral thermal stimuli in the pig,” J. Physiol., 316, 139–152 (1981).
J. A. Boulant and N. L. Silva, “Neuronal sensitivities in preoptic tissue slices: interaction among homeostatic systems,” Brain Res. Bull., 20, 871–878 (1988).
K. Bruck, W. Wunnenberg, H. Gallmeier, and B. Ziehm, “Shift of threshold temperature for shivering and heat polypnea as a mode of thermal adaptation,” Pflug. Arch., 321, 159–172 (1970).
K. Bruck and E. Zeisberger, “Significance and possible central mechanisms of thermoregulatory threshold deviations in thermal adaptation,” in: Strategies in Cold: Natural Torpidity and Thermogenesis, C. H. Wang and J. M. Hudson (eds.), Academic Press, London (1978), pp. 655–694.
K. Bruck and E. Zeisberger, “Adaptive changes in thermoregulation and their neuropharmacological basis,” Pharmacol. Ther., 35, 163–215 (1986).
M. J. Cabanac, “Thermoregulation,” Ann. Rev. Physiol., 376, 415–439 (1975).
S. N. Davies, G. E. Goldsmith, R. F. Hellon, and D. Mitchell, “Facial sensitivity to rates of temperature change: Neurophysiological and psychophysical evidence from cats and humans,” J. Physiol., 344, 161–175 (1983).
F. Depocas and W. A. Behrens, “Levels of noradrenaline in plasma during thermogenesis induced by cold-exposure or by noradrenaline infusion in warm-and cold-acclimated rats,” in: Effect of Thermogenesis, Basel, Stuttgart (1978), pp. 135–146.
F. Depocas, W. A. Behrens, and D. O. Foster, “Noradrenaline-induced calorigenesis in warm-and in cold-acclimated rats. The interrelation of dose of noradrenaline, its concentration in arterial plasma, and calorigenic response,” Can. J. Physiol. Pharm., 56, 168–174 (1978).
J. S. Hart, “Insulative and metabolic adaptation to cold in vertebrates,” Symp. Soc. Exptl. Biol., 18, 31–38 (1964).
L. Jansky, “Humoral thermogenesis and its role in maintaining energy balance,” Physiol. Rev., 75, 237–259 (1995).
D. R. Kenshalo, “Cutaneous temperature sensitivity,” in: Foundation of Sensory Science, W. W. Dawson and J. M. Enock (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo (1984), pp. 419–464.
D. Kenshalo and E. F. Galegos, “Multiple temperature-sensitive spots innervated by single nerve fibers,” Science, 158, 1064–1065 (1967).
T. V. Kozyreva, “Two periods in the response of the skin cold receptors to intravenous infusion of noradrenaline,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 813, Thermoregulation, C. Blatteis (ed.), 176–183 (1997).
T. V. Kozyreva and Fr.-K. Pierau, “Effect of cold adaptation and noradrenaline on thermosensitivity of rat hypothalamic neuron studied in vitro,” Neurophysiology, 26, No. 3, 142–146 (1994).
T. V. Kozyreva, E. Ya. Tkachenko, and V. P. Kozaruk, “Thermoregulatory responses to cooling before and after the noradrenaline iontophoresis to skin,” J. Therm. Biol., 24, 175–183 (1999).
T. V. Kozyreva, E. Ya. Tkachenko, V. P. Kozaruk, T. V. Latysheva, and M. A. Gilinsky, “Effects of slow and rapid cooling on catecholamine concentration in arterial plasma and the skin,” Amer. J. Physiol. Regul. Internat., 45, R1668–R1672 (1999).
Fr.-K. Pierau, J. Schenda, M. Konrad, and H. Sann, “Possible implications of the plasticity of temperature-sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus,” in: Thermal Balance in Health and Disease Advances in Pharmacological Sciences (1994), pp. 31–36.
Fr.-K. Pierau, H. Schmid, L. Jansky, and J. Schenda, “Long-term modulation of hypothalamic neurons by endogenous peptides,” in: Thermal Physiology, J. B. Mercer (ed.), Elsevier Science Publishers (Biomedical Division) (1989), pp. 11–116.
K. Schafer, H. Braun, and L. Rempe, “Classification of a calcium conductance in cold receptors,” Prog. Brain Res., 74, 29–36 (1988).
K. Schafer, H. Brain, and L. Rempe, “Mechanism of sensory transduction in cold receptors,” in: Thermoreception and Thermoregulation, J. Bligh and K. Voigt (eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York, London, Paris (1990), pp. 30–36.
E. Zeisberger, “Role of central catecholaminergic system in the thermoregulatory threshold deviation,” in: New Trends in Thermal Physiology, Y. Houdas and J. D. Guieu (eds.), Masson, Paris (1978), pp. 22–26.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
__________
Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 91, No. 12, pp. 1492–1503, December, 2005.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kozyreva, T.V. Central and peripheral thermoreceptors. Comparative analysis of the effects of prolonged adaptation to cold and noradrenaline. Neurosci Behav Physiol 37, 191–198 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-007-0167-4
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-007-0167-4