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New self-assembled material based on Ru nanoparticles and 4-sulfocalix[4]arene as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for reduction of brilliant yellow azo dye in water: a new model catalytic reaction

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Abstract

New self-assembled material (Ru@SC) with ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) and 4-sulfocalix[4]arene (SC) is synthesized in water at room temperature. Ru@SC is characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis, FT-IR, powder x-ray diffraction, TEM and SEM analysis. The size of Ru nanoparticles in the self-assembly is approximately 5 nm. The self-assembled material Ru@SC shows an efficient catalytic reduction of toxic ‘brilliant yellow’ (BY) azo dye. The reduced amine products were successfully separated and confirmed by single-crystal XRD, NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ru@SC showed a better catalytic activity in comparison with commercial catalysts Ru/C (ruthenium on charcoal 5 %) and Pd/C (palladium on charcoal 5 and 10 %). The catalyst also showed a promising recyclability and heterogeneous nature as a catalyst for reduction of ‘BY’ azo dye.

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Acknowledgements

AD acknowledges the Department of Science and Technology India for INSPIRE faculty award and Advance Material Research Centre (AMRC) IIT Mandi for instrumentation and laboratory facilities. DRB acknowledges the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, for fellowship. DRB acknowledges Mr. Prateep Singh Sagara and Mr. Ashish Bahuguna for the helping in NMR analysis.

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  1. Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Darsi Rambabu, Chullikkattil P. Pradeep & Abhimanew Dhir

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  1. Darsi Rambabu
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  2. Chullikkattil P. Pradeep
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  3. Abhimanew Dhir
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Correspondence to Abhimanew Dhir.

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Rambabu, D., Pradeep, C.P. & Dhir, A. New self-assembled material based on Ru nanoparticles and 4-sulfocalix[4]arene as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for reduction of brilliant yellow azo dye in water: a new model catalytic reaction. J Nanopart Res 18, 381 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3693-6

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