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Reversible video data hiding using zero QDCT coefficient-pairs

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Abstract

H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) is one of the most commonly used video compression standard currently. In this paper, we propose a Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) method based on H.264/AVC videos. In the proposed method, the macroblocks with intra-frame 4 × 4 prediction modes in intra frames are first selected as embeddable blocks. Then, the last zero Quantized Discrete Cosine Transform (QDCT) coefficients in all 4 × 4 blocks of the embeddable macroblocks are paired. In the following, a modification mapping rule based on making full use of modification directions are given. Finally, each zero coefficient-pair is changed by combining the given mapping rule with the to-be-embedded information bits. Since most of last QDCT coefficients in all 4 × 4 blocks are zero and they are located in high frequency area. Therefore, the proposed method can obtain high embedding capacity and low distortion.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their insightful comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under the grant No. U1536110 and Doctoral Innovation Fund Program of Southwest Jiaotong University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, People’s Republic of China

    Yi Chen & Yong Liu

  2. College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People’s Republic of China

    Hongxia Wang

  3. Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China

    Hanzhou Wu

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  1. Yi Chen
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  2. Hongxia Wang
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  3. Hanzhou Wu
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  4. Yong Liu
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Correspondence to Yi Chen or Hongxia Wang.

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Chen, Y., Wang, H., Wu, H. et al. Reversible video data hiding using zero QDCT coefficient-pairs. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 23097–23115 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7635-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7635-z

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